Heightened ventilatory response during stair climbing in individuals with dysfunctional breathing

Karina Siewers; Emil Walsted; Bishmann Manivannan; Christopher Warren; Colm McCabe; James H. Hull

doi:10.1183/23120541.00285-2022

Tables

TABLE 1

Baseline data and cardiopulmonary response to stair climbing

	Controls^#	Patients^¶	p-value
Males/females	3/10	5/6	0.25
Age, years	49±8.0	54±9.9	0.19
BMI, kg·m⁻²	26±5.2	29±3.0	0.047*
Nijmegen questionnaire⁺	3.5±4.7	23±9.8	<0.01**
Dyspnoea-12 questionnaire^§	0.0±0	15.7±8.6	<0.01**
FEV₁, % predicted	99.4±16	109±10	0.23
FVC, % predicted	101±18	115±12	0.04*
Rest measurements
V_E, L·min⁻¹	11±4.1	12±4.9	0.36
BF, breaths per min	17±3.3	22±5.0	0.01*
Vʹ_O₂, mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹	4.5±1.2	3.8±0.7	0.91
V_T, L·min⁻¹	0.69±0.2	0.59±0.1	0.09
HR, beats per min	78±14	78±9.5	0.73
P_ETCO₂, kPa	4.4±0.3	4.0±0.4	<0.01**
RER	0.92±0.1	0.88±0.2	0.15
Dyspnoea^ƒ	0.0 (0.0)	0.5 (1.0)	0.02*
RPE^ƒ	0.0 (0.0)	1.0 (1.0)	0.02*
End-stair climb measurements
V_E, L·min⁻¹	24±8.6	36±9.0	<0.01**
V_E, % maximum	22±5.9	31±9.7	0.02*
BF, per min	21±4.1	31±11	<0.01**
Vʹ_O₂, mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹	13±2.6	14±3.0	0.57
BF change, breaths per min	4±4.2	10±8.6	0.21
V_T, L·min⁻¹	1.3±0.4	1.3±0.4	0.87
HR, beats per min	121±19	116±17	0.65
Dyspnoea^ƒ	0.5 (0.5)	4.0 (2.0)	0.00**
RPE^ƒ	1.0 (1.5)	3.0 (4.0)	0.00**
Stair-climb time, s	35.6±9.0	48.3±21	0.04*

Data are presented as mean±sd or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; V_E: exhaled volume per breath; BF: breathing frequency; Vʹ_O₂: oxygen consumption; V_T: tidal volume; HR: heart rate; P_ETCO₂: end-tidal carbon dioxide tension; RER: respiratory exchange ratio; RPE: Rate of Perceived Exertion. ^#: N=13; ^¶: N=11; ⁺: out of 64; ^§: out of 24; ^ƒ: Borg Dyspnoea Scale. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01.