Figures
- FIGURE 1
Flow chart of inclusion and exclusion for this study.
- FIGURE 2
Representative images of the various computed tomographic patterns observed in patients of our study cohort: a) alveolar consolidation; b) nodular; c) multilobar ground-glass opacity (GGO); d) mass-like; e) bronchocentric; f) a combination of GGO and reticulo-infiltrative opacity; g) reverse halo sign in a background of mixed GGO and alveolar consolidation; and h) crazy paving pattern mixed with GGO.
- FIGURE 3
Distribution of frequencies of a) aetiologies, b) methods of tissue sampling, c) treatments, d) need of supplemental oxygen, e) use of mechanical ventilation and f) different outcomes among patients of the three subgroups based on the combined assessment of the extent and patterns of involvement on computed tomography images (Group 1: single-lobe and single-pattern; Group 2: single-lobe and mixed-pattern or multilobe and single-pattern; Group 3: multilobe and mixed-pattern). CT: computed tomography; CTD: connective tissue disease.
- FIGURE 4
Forest plots showing a) crude and adjusted odds ratios of secondary organising pneumonia b) crude and adjusted odds ratios of immunosuppressive treatments, and c) crude and adjusted odds ratios of severe disease, for patients with different radiographic features. Note: Groups are based on the combined assessment of the extent and patterns of involvement on computed tomographic images: Group 1: single-lobe and single-pattern; Group 2: single-lobe and mixed-pattern or multilobe and single-pattern; Group 3: multilobe and mixed-pattern. OR: odds ratio.
- FIGURE 5
Kaplan–Meier survival analyses a) between “single-lobe” and “multilobe” groups, b) between “single-pattern” and “mixed-pattern” groups and c) among Groups 1, 2 and 3. Note: Groups are based on the combined assessment of the extent and patterns of involvement on computed tomographic images: Group 1: single-lobe and single-pattern; Group 2: single-lobe and mixed-pattern or multilobe and single-pattern; Group 3: multilobe and mixed-pattern.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Baseline characteristics, management and outcomes of the study cohort
Age years 61.5 (54.4–71.1) Sex Female 66 (42) Male 90 (58) Body height cm 160.9±9.3 Body weight kg 60.3 (53.7–66.6) Charlson comorbidity index 3 (2–5) Cigarette smoking status Never-smoker 105 (67) Current smoker 29 (19) Former smoker 22 (14) Time between CT and histologic diagnosis of OP, days 13 (7–30) Method of biopsy Surgical 91 (58) CT-guided percutaneous 49 (31) Transbronchial forceps 15 (10) Sonography-guided percutaneous 1 (1) Season of diagnosis Spring (March–May) 40 (26) Summer (June–August) 50 (32) Autumn (September–November) 37 (24) Winter (December–February) 29 (18) Aetiology Cryptogenic 130 (83) Secondary 26 (17) CTD-related 14 (9) Rheumatoid arthritis 6 (4) Dermatomyositis/polymyositis 3 (2) Primary Sjögren's syndrome 3 (2) Anti-synthetase syndrome 1 (1) Systemic lupus erythematosus 1 (1) Drug-related 10 (6) Amiodarone 5 (3) Pembrolizumab 2 (2) Agent(s) in cancer chemotherapeutic regimens 2 (2) Crizotinib 1 (1) Post-transplantation 2 (2) Duration of follow-up, weeks 120.6 (31.1–269.4) Treatments Observation only 45 (29) Surgical resection 48 (31) Corticosteroid alone 55 (35) Combined corticosteroid and another immunosuppressant 7 (4) Non-steroid immunosuppressant 1 (1) Needed supplementary oxygen during the course 41 (26) Needed mechanical ventilatory support during the course 17 (11) Outcomes Improved without recurrence 129 (82) Persistent disease 11 (7) Improved but then recurred 5 (3) Death 11 (8) Discrete variables are presented as counts (% of the total 156 patients). Continuous variables are presented as mean±sd if normally distributed, and medians (interquartile ranges) if not normally distributed. CT: computed tomography; OP: organising pneumonia; CTD: connective tissue disease.
- TABLE 2
Computed tomographic (CT) features of organising pneumonia
Cases, n (%) Age years Male/female, n (%) Extent of parenchymal involvement on CT images Single lobe 74 (47) 61 (53–70) 47 (30)/27 (17) Multiple lobes 82 (53) 63 (57–74) 43 (28)/39 (25) Ipsilateral 9 (6) 75 (53–81) 6 (4)/3 (2) Bilateral 73 (47) 62 (57–70) 37 (24)/36 (23) CT imaging patterns Single-pattern 100 (64) 61 (53–69) 58 (37)/42 (27) Nodular 42 (27) 63 (54–70) 21 (13)/21 (13) Alveolar consolidation 32 (21) 61 (53–69) 20 (13)/12 (8) Mass-like 18 (11) 56 (51–67) 13 (8)/5 (3) GGO 8 (5) 61 (47–67) 4 (3)/4 (3) Mixed-pattern 56 (36) 65 (57–76) 32 (20)/24 (16) Alveolar consolidation+GGO 13 (7) 69 (58–79) 10 (6)/3 (2) Alveolar consolidation+bronchocentric 6 (4) 64 (41–73) 3 (2)/3 (2) Alveolar consolidation+nodular 4 (3) 65 (51–75) 2 (1)/2 (1) GGO+bronchocentric 7 (4) 58 (56–75) 3 (2)/4 (3) GGO+reticulo-infiltrative 3 (2) 66 (41–70) 1 (1)/2 (1) GGO+nodular 2 (1) 61 (58–63) 0 (0)/2 (1) GGO+crazy paving 2 (1) 79 (74–84) 2 (1)/0 (0) Mass+nodular 3 (2) 65 (62–71) 2 (1)/1 (1) Mass+reverse halo 1 (1) 45 (NA) 1 (1)/0 (0) Alveolar consolidation+GGO+bronchocentric 6 (4) 68 (53–81) 3 (2)/3 (2) Alveolar consolidation+GGO+reverse halo 3 (2) 57 (54–60) 2 (1)/1 (1) Alveolar consolidation+GGO+reticulo-infiltrative 1 (1) 69 (NA) 0 (0)/1 (1) Alveolar consolidation+GGO+crazy paving 1 (1) 58 (NA) 0 (0)/1 (1) Alveolar consolidation+GGO+nodular 1 (1) 87 (NA) 1 (1)/0 (0) GGO+reverse halo+reticulo-infiltrative 1 (1) 61 (NA) 0 (0)/1 (1) Alveolar consolidation+GGO+bronchocentric+crazy paving 2 (1) 62 (58–66) 2 (1)/0 (0) Combined extent and patterns on CT images Single-lobe and single-pattern 71 (46) 61 (53–70) 46 (29)/25 (16) Multilobe and single-pattern 29 (18) 61 (52–66) 12 (8)/17 (11) Single-lobe and mixed-pattern 3 (2) 57 (50–64) 1 (1)/2 (1) Multilobe and mixed-pattern 53 (34) 65 (57–76) 31 (20)/22 (14) Values are presented as counts (% of total 156 patients) or medians (interquartile range or range, as appropriate). Examples of the various radiographic features are presented in figure 2 and supplementary figure S1a–q. GGO: ground-glass opacity; NA: not available.
Supplementary Material
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Supplementary material 00505-2022.SUPPLEMENT
