Figures
- FIGURE 1
Escalation sequence (CPAP=continuous positive airway pressure).
- FIGURE 2
Distribution of the highest level of respiratory support that was delivered to the patient (NHF=nasal high-flow, CPAP=continuous positive airway pressure, NIV=non-invasive ventilation).
- FIGURE 3
SaO2 Nadir of the respective treatment groups (NHF=nasal high-flow, CPAP=continuous positive airway pressure, NIV=non-invasive ventilation).
- FIGURE 4
Lowest reported Horovitz index of the respective treatment groups (NHF=nasal high-flow, CPAP=continuous positive airway pressure, NIV=non-invasive ventilation).
- FIGURE 5
Lowes measured oxygen content of the respective treatment groups (NHF=nasal high-flow, CPAP=continuous positive airway pressure, NIV=non-invasive ventilation).
- FIGURE 6
Outcome / respiratory support at discharge according to the maximal respiratory support received (NHF=nasal high-flow, CPAP=continuous positive airway pressure, NIV=non-invasive ventilation).
Tables
- TABLE 1
Basic demographic data and pre-existing comorbidities (sd=standard deviation)
Number of patients 78 Male (%) 56.4 Caucasian (%) 100 Age (years±sd) 65±14 BMI (kg·m−2±sd) 29.4±4.9 Active smoker 16.7% Former Smoker 46.2% Non smoker 37.2% Hypertension 70.5% Diabetes 19.2% Coronary artery disease 21.8% Asthma 17.9% COPD 10.3% Malignancy 21.8% - TABLE 2
Demographic, physiological and laboratory data according to treatment groups
only oxygen
(1) N=53NHF/CPAP/NIV
(2) N=17invasive MV
(3) N=8Age 65±15 62±13 73±9 BMI 29.4±5.2 29.6±5.1 29.1±2.5 LOS (days) 10.1±6.7(2,3) 19.3±11.8(1,3) 34±26.9(1,2) temperature °C 38.3±1(2) 39.1±0.9 (1) 39.1±0.5 SaO2 (%) 93.1±3.7(3) 91.6±6(3) 85.4±10.6 (1,2) respiratory rate /min 20.6±4.4(2) 25.7±6.7 (1) 23.5±7.6 heart rate /min 90±20 99±16 95±21 RR systolic (mmHg) 118±21 110±22 103±23 RR diastolic (mmHg) 69±11 68±10 63±13 Hemoglobin nadir (mg·dL−1) 12.4±1.9 12.1±2 11±2.4 Leucocytes nadir /µL 5745±2732 5724±2602 5512±1629 Lymphocytes nadir/µL 986±2015 553±262 469±342 LDH max (U·L−1) 405±129(2,3) 562±260(1,3) 741±190(1,2) BNP max (pg·mL−1) 1773±3086 669±895(3) 5258±7659(2) CRP max (mg·dL−1) 10.9±7.1(2,3) 21.6±9.2(1) 26.4±12.3(1) PCT max (ng·mL−1) 0.9±2(3) 0.8±1.2(3) 3±2.9(1,2) Creatinine max (mg·dL−1) 1.25±0.62(3) 1±0.3(3) 2.6±1.4(1,2) D-Dimer max (ng·mL−1) 1530±1575(3) 2698±2464 6574±5321(1) Troponin max (µg·L−1) 28.5±39(3) 25.9±33.1(3) 467±1047(1,2) PO2 nadir (mmHg) 54.5±11 47.8±10.5 45.9±6.8 LOS: length of (hospital) stay; SaO2: oxygen saturation; RR: blood pressure; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: procalcitonin; PO2: partial pressure of oxygen; nadir: lowest measured value; max: maximal measured value. Number in brackets indicate significant differences to the respective column (p<0.05).
