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Advances in diagnostic tools for respiratory tract infections. From tuberculosis to COVID19: changing paradigms?

Zoran Stojanovic, Filipe Gonçalves-Carvalho, Alicia Marín, Jorge Abad Capa, Jose Domínguez, Irene Latorre, Alicia Lacoma, Cristina Prat-Aymerich
ERJ Open Research 2022; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00113-2022
Zoran Stojanovic
1Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona Spain
3Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
5Contributed equally as first authors
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Filipe Gonçalves-Carvalho
1Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona Spain
3Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
5Contributed equally as first authors
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Alicia Marín
1Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona Spain
3Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Jorge Abad Capa
1Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona Spain
3Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Jose Domínguez
2Microbiology, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
3Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Irene Latorre
2Microbiology, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
3Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Alicia Lacoma
2Microbiology, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
3Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
6Contributed equally as senior authors
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Cristina Prat-Aymerich
2Microbiology, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
3Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
4Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
6Contributed equally as senior authors
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  • For correspondence: cprata@igtp.cat
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Abstract

Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are one of the commonest reasons for seeking healthcare, but are amongst the most challenging diseases in terms of clinical decision making. Proper and timely diagnosis is critical in order to optimize management and prevent further emergence of antimicrobial resistance by misuse, or overuse of antibiotics. Diagnostic tools for RTI include those involving syndromic and etiological diagnosis: from clinical and radiological features to laboratory methods targeting both pathogen detection and host biomarkers, as well as their combinations in terms of clinical algorithms. They also include tools for predicting severity and monitoring treatment response. Unprecedented milestones have been achieved in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, involving the most recent applications of diagnostic technologies both at genotypic and phenotypic level, which have changed paradigms in infectious respiratory diseases in terms of why, how and where diagnostics are performed. The aim of this review is to discuss advances in diagnostic tools that impact clinical decision making, surveillance and follow-up of RTI and tuberculosis. If properly harnessed, recent advances in diagnostic technologies, including omics and digital transformation emerge as an unprecedented opportunity to tackle ongoing and future epidemics while handling antimicrobial resistance from a One Health perspective.

Footnotes

This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the ERJ Open Research. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJOR online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.

Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest, including specific financial interests or relationships or affiliations to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. All authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript, they have contributed significantly to the work and they have taken care to ensure the integrity of the work.

This is a PDF-only article. Please click on the PDF link above to read it.

  • Received February 28, 2022.
  • Accepted May 31, 2022.
  • Copyright ©The authors 2022
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This version is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0. For commercial reproduction rights and permissions contact permissions{at}ersnet.org

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Advances in diagnostic tools for respiratory tract infections. From tuberculosis to COVID19: changing paradigms?
Zoran Stojanovic, Filipe Gonçalves-Carvalho, Alicia Marín, Jorge Abad Capa, Jose Domínguez, Irene Latorre, Alicia Lacoma, Cristina Prat-Aymerich
ERJ Open Research Jan 2022, 00113-2022; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00113-2022

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Advances in diagnostic tools for respiratory tract infections. From tuberculosis to COVID19: changing paradigms?
Zoran Stojanovic, Filipe Gonçalves-Carvalho, Alicia Marín, Jorge Abad Capa, Jose Domínguez, Irene Latorre, Alicia Lacoma, Cristina Prat-Aymerich
ERJ Open Research Jan 2022, 00113-2022; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00113-2022
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