Abstract
Introduction Non-invasive measurement of respiratory impedance by oscillometry can be used in young children from 3 years and those unable to perform forced respiratory manoeuvres. It can discriminate between healthy children and those with respiratory disease. However, its clinical application is limited by the lack of reference data for African paediatric populations.
Aim To develop reference equations for oscillometry outcomes in South African children and adolescents.
Methods Healthy subjects, enrolled in the Drakenstein Child Health Study, HIV uninfected adolescents in the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort and healthy children attending surgical outpatient clinics at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital were measured with conventional spectral (6–32 Hz) and intra-breath (10 Hz) oscillometry. Stepwise linear regression was used to assess the relationship between respiratory variables and anthropometric predictors (height, sex, ancestry) to generate reference equations.
Results A total of 692 subjects, 48.4% female, median age of 5.2 years (range: 3–17 years) were included. The median interquartile range (IQR) for weight for age z-score and height for age z-score was −0.42 (−1.11; 0.35) and −0.65 (−1.43; 0.35), respectively. Stepwise regression demonstrated that all the variables were significantly dependent on height only. Comparison to previous reference data indicated slightly higher resistance and lower compliance values in the smallest children.
Conclusion We established the first respiratory oscillometry reference equations for African children and adolescents, which will facilitate use in early identification and management of respiratory disease. Our results suggest differences in oscillometry measures by ancestry but also highlight the lack of standardisation in methodology.
Footnotes
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Conflict of interest: Diane M Gray reports support for the present manuscript from Wellcome Trust; Executive member of Pan African Thoracic Society, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: Shaakira Chaya reports support for the present manuscript from Harry Crossley Clinical Research Fellowship.
Conflict of interest: Heather Zar reports support for the present manuscript from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, South African Medical Research Council, National Research Foundation, SA, and NIH, USA.
Conflict of interest: Zoltán Hantos reports grants or contracts from Hungarian Scientific Research Fund grant K 128701, and European Respiratory Society Clinical Research Collaboration award CRC_2013-02_INCIRCLE, outside the submitted work; Patents planned, issued or pending: 2005903034 – A METHOD OF DIAGNOSING A RESPIRATORY DISEASE OR DISORDER OR MONITORINGTREATMENT OF SAME AND A DEVISE FOR USE THEREIN. Australian patent issued, disclosure made outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.
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- Received July 25, 2022.
- Accepted February 7, 2023.
- Copyright ©The authors 2023
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