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The Effects of Dual IQOS and Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for Lung Health and Respiratory Disease Pathogenesis

Pritam Saha, Siddhi Jain, Ipsita Mukherjee, Samir R Panda, Amir A. Zeki, VGM Naidu, Pawan Sharma
ERJ Open Research 2023; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00558-2022
Pritam Saha
1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
4These authors contributed equally to this work
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Siddhi Jain
1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
4These authors contributed equally to this work
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Ipsita Mukherjee
1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
4These authors contributed equally to this work
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Samir R Panda
1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Amir A. Zeki
2University of California, Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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VGM Naidu
1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Pawan Sharma
3Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract

Background Cigarette smoking (CS) remains the primary cause of chronic lung diseases. After a steady decline, smoking rates have recently increased especially with the introduction of newer electronic nicotine delivery devices, and it is also emerging that dual or poly product usage is on the rise. Additionally, with the introduction of IQOS (a heated tobacco product) globally, its impact on human health needs to be investigated. In this study we tested if dual exposure (CS+IQOS) is detrimental to lung epithelial cells when compared to CS or IQOS exposure alone.

Methods Human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) cells were exposed to either CS or IQOS or their dual combinations at concentrations 0.1, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0%. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial homeostasis, mitophagy, and effects on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling were assessed.

Results Both CS and IQOS alone significantly induced loss of cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner which was further enhanced by dual exposure compared to IQOS alone (p<0.01). Dual exposure significantly increased oxidative stress and perturbed mitochondrial homeostasis when compared to CS or IQOS alone (p<0.05). Additionally, dual exposure induced EMT signaling as shown by increased in mesenchymal (α-SMA and N-cadherin) and decreased epithelial (E-cadherin) markers when compared to CS or IQOS alone (p<0.05).

Conclusion Collectively, our study demonstrates that dual exposure enhances pathogenic signaling mediated by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to EMT activation which is an important regulator of small airway fibrosis in obstructive lung diseases.

Footnotes

This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the ERJ Open Research. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJOR online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.

Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

This is a PDF-only article. Please click on the PDF link above to read it.

  • Received October 21, 2022.
  • Accepted February 15, 2023.
  • Copyright ©The authors 2023
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This version is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0. For commercial reproduction rights and permissions contact permissions{at}ersnet.org

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The Effects of Dual IQOS and Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for Lung Health and Respiratory Disease Pathogenesis
Pritam Saha, Siddhi Jain, Ipsita Mukherjee, Samir R Panda, Amir A. Zeki, VGM Naidu, Pawan Sharma
ERJ Open Research Jan 2023, 00558-2022; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00558-2022

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The Effects of Dual IQOS and Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for Lung Health and Respiratory Disease Pathogenesis
Pritam Saha, Siddhi Jain, Ipsita Mukherjee, Samir R Panda, Amir A. Zeki, VGM Naidu, Pawan Sharma
ERJ Open Research Jan 2023, 00558-2022; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00558-2022
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