Abstract
Background Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although the disorder has been well-studied in selected high-risk populations, few data exist on its prevalence in the general population. We aimed to assessed the prevalence and determinants of OSA in France.
Methods Data from participants of the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, aged 18–69 years at inclusion and being treated for sleep apnea or screened for OSA in 2017 using the Berlin questionnaire were analyzed. Weighted analyses were performed to provide recent and representative results in the general population.
Results Among 20 151 participants, the prevalence of treated OSA was 3.5% [3.0;3.9]. The prevalence of untreated subjects with a positive Berlin questionnaire was 18.1% [17.3;19.2] for a total weighted prevalence of OSA or high-risk of OSA of 20.9% [20.0;21.9]. Regarding prevalence of OSA symptoms, it was 37.2% [36.1;38.3] for severe snoring and 14.6% [13.8;15.5] for hypersomnolence. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, male sex, age, previous cardiovascular events, smoking, low educational level, low physical activity and depressive symptoms were associated with having either treated OSA or a positive Berlin questionnaire.
Conclusion In this large French population-based cohort, one in five participants had a high likelihood of OSA, whereas only 3.5% were treated for the disorder, suggesting major underdiagnosis in the general population. OSA diagnosis should be considered more often in people with risk factors such as depressive symptoms as well as unhealthy behaviors and socioeconomic conditions.
Footnotes
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Conflicts of interest: P. Balagny has received payment for presentation from Resmed.
Conflicts of interest: E. Vidal-Petiot has received honoraria for lecture from Servier and support for attending meeting from Servier
Conflicts of interest: A. Renuy declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Conflicts of interest: J. Matta declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Conflicts of interest: J. Frija-Masson has received research grants from LVL medical, support for attending meeting from LVL medical, VItalaire, ADEP assistance and SOS oxygène and fiduciary role in Digital Medical Hub SAS.
Conflicts of interest: P.G. Steg has received grants from Amarin, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Sanofi and Servier, consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS/Myokarddia, Merck, Novo-Nordisk and Regeneron, Steering Comitee or Critical Event Committee from Amarin, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boerhriger Ingelheim, Bristo-Myers Squibb, Idorsia, Novartis, PhaseBio, Pfizer, Sanofi and Servier, payments for lectures from AstraZeneca, Novartis and Novo-Nordisk, support for attending meetings from AstraZeneca and participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board from Servier, Sanofi, PHRI and Monash University.
Conflicts of interest: M. Goldberg declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Conflicts of interest: M. Zins declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Conflicts of interest: M.P.d'Ortho has received research grants from Sunrise medical, Desitin, ResMed, Lowenstein and Philips, honoraria for lecture from ResMed, Bioprojet, LVL medical, Viatalaire and Jazz Pharmaceuticals, payment for educational events from Jazz pharmaceutical and support for attending meeting from Bioprojet and Jazz pharmaceuticals.
Conflicts of interest: E. Wiernik declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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