TY - JOUR T1 - Iatrogenic bleeding during flexible bronchoscopy: risk factors, prophylactic measures and management JF - ERJ Open Research JO - erjor DO - 10.1183/23120541.00084-2016 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 00084-2016 AU - Maurizio Bernasconi AU - Coenraad F.N. Koegelenberg AU - Angela Koutsokera AU - Adam Ogna AU - Alessio Casutt AU - Laurent Nicod AU - Alban Lovis Y1 - 2017/04/01 UR - http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/3/2/00084-2016.abstract N2 - Significant iatrogenic bleeding during flexible bronchoscopy is fortunately rare and usually self-limiting. Life-threatening bleeding, however, can occur, especially after conventional or cryoprobe-assisted transbronchial biopsy. The aim of this review is to provide the practising pulmonologist with a concise overview of the incidence, severity and risk factors for bleeding, to provide sensible advice on prophylactic measures and to suggest a plan of action in the case of significant bleeding. Bronchoscopy units should have a standardised approach and plan of action in the case of life-threatening haemorrhage. Wedging the bronchoscope in the bleeding segment, turning the patient in an anti-Trendelenburg position and onto the side in order for the bleeding lung to be in the dependent position, installing vasoconstrictors and using a tamponade balloon early are the recommended first-line strategies. Involving a resuscitation team should be considered early in the case of massive bleeding, desaturation and haemodynamic instability.Iatrogenic bleeding during flexible bronchoscopy http://ow.ly/w9Fy30bsoe5 ER -