@article {Guarize00009-2017, author = {Juliana Guarize and Monica Casiraghi and Stefano Donghi and Chiara Casadio and Cristina Diotti and Niccol{\`o} Filippi and Clementina Di Tonno and Valeria Midolo and Patrick Maisonneuve and Daniela Brambilla and Chiara Maria Grana and Francesco Petrella and Lorenzo Spaggiari}, title = {EBUS-TBNA in PET-positive lymphadenopathies in treated cancer patients}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, elocation-id = {00009-2017}, year = {2017}, doi = {10.1183/23120541.00009-2017}, publisher = {European Respiratory Society}, abstract = {Mediastinal lymph node enlargement is common in the follow-up of patients with previously treated malignancies. The aim of this study is to assess the role of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) for cyto-histological evaluation of positron emission tomography with 18fluorodeoxyglucose (PET) positive mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes developed in patients with previous malignancies.All EBUS-TBNA cases performed from January 2012 to May 2016 were retrospective reviewed. Results of EBUS-TBNA in patients with mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathies were analysed. Non-malignant cytopathologies were confirmed with surgical procedures or clinical and radiological follow-up.Among 1780 patients, 176 were included in the analysis. 103 of these (58.5\%) had a diagnosis of tumour recurrence whereas 73 (41.5\%) had a different diagnosis: 63 (35.8\%) had a non-neoplastic diagnosis and 8 patients (4.6\%) had a different cell type malignancy. Samples were false-negative in 5 (2.8\%) out of 176 patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, negative predicted value and diagnostic accuracy were 95.7\% (95\% CI 90.2{\textendash}98.6\%), 100\% (95\% CI 94.0{\textendash}100\%), 92.3\% (95\% CI 83.2{\textendash}96.7\%) and 97.2\% (95\% CI 93.5{\textendash}98.8\%), respectively.EBUS-TBNA demonstrated a pathological diagnosis different from the previous tumour in a large percentage of patients, confirming its strategic role in the management of patients with previously treated malignancies.EBUS-TBNA changes the management of treated cancer patients http://ow.ly/vTnh30fBFaE}, URL = {https://openres.ersjournals.com/content/3/4/00009-2017}, eprint = {https://openres.ersjournals.com/content/3/4/00009-2017.full.pdf}, journal = {ERJ Open Research} }