PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Nousheen Akhter AU - Kamran Khan Sumalani AU - Dimple Chawla AU - Nadeem Ahmed Rizvi TI - Comparison between the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/Rif assay and culture for pleural tuberculosis using tissue biopsy AID - 10.1183/23120541.00065-2019 DP - 2019 Jul 01 TA - ERJ Open Research PG - 00065-2019 VI - 5 IP - 3 4099 - http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/5/3/00065-2019.short 4100 - http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/5/3/00065-2019.full SO - erjor2019 Jul 01; 5 AB - Background Early diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis is difficult as it is a paucibacillary disease and a combination of tests is required to diagnose it, which have varied diagnostic accuracy and increase the cost. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB/Rif assay on thoracoscopic pleural biopsy specimens.Methods A total of 201 patients with exudative pleural effusion and normal lung parenchyma were included in the study. All patients underwent thoracoscopic pleural biopsy under local anaesthesia. Biopsy samples were sent for Xpert MTB/Rif assay and culture, along with histopathology. Chronic granulomatous inflammation on histopathology and response to antituberculous treatment was taken as the reference standard for diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.Results Of the 198 patients included in the final analysis, 134 had pleural tuberculosis. The sensitivity of the Xpert assay was 52.2% and specificity was 100%, and that of pleural biopsy cultures were 41% and 100% respectively.Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/Rif assay scores were high, hence escalating the speed of diagnosis and imparting marked impact on patient outcomes. The Xpert MTB/Rif assay is a potential game changer in diagnosing pleural tuberculosis.Pleural tissue Xpert MTB/Rif assay has a high diagnostic yield for pleural tuberculosis when good-quality biopsy samples are taken by medical thoracoscopy. It speeds up the diagnosis of pleural TB and has a major impact on patients' outcomes. http://bit.ly/2GtuHJZ