RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Clinical manifestations and epidemiology of adolescent tuberculosis in Ukraine JF ERJ Open Research JO erjor FD European Respiratory Society SP 00308-2020 DO 10.1183/23120541.00308-2020 VO 6 IS 3 A1 Silvia S. Chiang A1 Maria Dolynska A1 Natasha R. Rybak A1 Andrea T. Cruz A1 Omowunmi Aibana A1 Yana Sheremeta A1 Vasyl Petrenko A1 Andrii Mamotenko A1 Iana Terleieva A1 C. Robert Horsburgh, Jr A1 Helen E. Jenkins YR 2020 UL http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/6/3/00308-2020.abstract AB Background During adolescence, childhood and adult forms of tuberculosis (TB) overlap, resulting in diverse disease manifestations. Knowing which patient characteristics are associated with which manifestations may facilitate diagnosis and enhance understanding of TB pathophysiology.Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included 10–19-year-olds in Ukraine's national TB registry who started TB treatment between 2015 and 2018. Using multivariable regression, we estimated associations between patient characteristics and four presentations of TB: pleural, extrathoracic, cavitary and rifampicin-resistant (RR). We also described the epidemiology of adolescent TB in Ukraine.Results Among 2491 adolescent TB cases, 88.4% were microbiologically confirmed. RR-TB was confirmed in 16.9% of new and 29.7% of recurrent cases. Of 88 HIV-infected adolescents, 59.1% were not on antiretroviral therapy at TB diagnosis. Among 10–14-year-olds, boys had more pleural disease (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.12, 95% CI: 1.08–4.37). Extrathoracic TB was associated with age 15–19 years (aOR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.18–0.37) and HIV (aOR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.55–6.61 in 10–14-year-olds; aOR 8.18, 95% CI: 3.58–17.31 in 15–19-year-olds). Cavitary TB was more common in migrants (aOR 3.53, 95% CI: 1.66–7.61) and 15–19-year-olds (aOR 4.10, 95% CI: 3.00–5.73); among 15–19-year-olds, it was inversely associated with HIV (aOR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13–0.70). RR-TB was associated with recurrent disease (aOR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.08–3.13), urban residence (aOR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.62) and cavitation (aOR 2.98, 95% CI: 2.35–3.78).Conclusions Age, sex, HIV and social factors impact the presentation of adolescent TB. Preventive, diagnostic and treatment activities should take these factors into consideration.Analysing 2491 cases of adolescent tuberculosis in Ukraine, associations were observed between four clinical presentations – cavitary, pleural, extrathoracic and rifampicin-resistant TB – and age, sex, HIV status, prior treatment and social factors. https://bit.ly/2XplZFt