RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The differing physiology of nitrogen and tracer gas multiple-breath washout techniques
JF ERJ Open Research
JO erjor
FD European Respiratory Society
SP 00858-2020
DO 10.1183/23120541.00858-2020
VO 7
IS 2
A1 Dominic Sandhu
A1 Grant A.D. Ritchie
A1 Peter A. Robbins
YR 2021
UL http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/7/2/00858-2020.abstract
AB Background Multiple-breath washout techniques are increasingly used to assess lung function. The principal statistic obtained is the lung clearance index (LCI), but values obtained for LCI using the nitrogen (N2)-washout technique are higher than those obtained using an exogenous tracer gas such as sulfur hexafluoride. This study explored whether the pure oxygen (O2) used for the N2 washout could underlie these higher values.Methods A model of a homogenous, reciprocally ventilated acinus was constructed. Perfusion was kept constant, and ventilation adjusted by varying the swept volume during the breathing cycle. The blood supplying the acinus had a standard mixed-venous composition. Carbon dioxide and O2 exchange between the blood and acinar gas proceeded to equilibrium. The model was initialised with either air or air plus tracer gas as the inspirate. Washouts were conducted with pure O2 for the N2 washout or with air for the tracer gas washout.Results At normal ventilation/perfusion (V′/Q′) ratios, the rate of washout of N2 and exogenous tracer gas was almost indistinguishable. At low V′/Q′, the N2 washout lagged the tracer gas washout. At very low V′/Q′, N2 became trapped in the acinus. Under low V′/Q′ conditions, breathing pure O2 introduced a marked asymmetry between the inspiratory and expiratory gas flow rates that was not present when breathing air.Discussion The use of pure O2 to washout N2 increases O2 uptake in low V′/Q′ units. This generates a background gas flow into the acinus that opposes flow out of the acinus during expiration, and so delays the washout of N2.Differences in lung clearance index between nitrogen and exogenous tracer gas multiple-breath washout tests can be explained by the oxygen used to wash out nitrogen generating convective flows of gas into low ventilation/perfusion units https://bit.ly/3l0xq0G