TY - JOUR T1 - COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis: a nationwide survey by the Japanese Respiratory Society JF - ERJ Open Research JO - erjor DO - 10.1183/23120541.00402-2021 SP - 00402-2021 AU - Takahiro Takazono AU - Hiroshi Mukae AU - Koichi Izumikawa AU - Naoki Hasegawa AU - Akihito Yokoyama Y1 - 2021/01/01 UR - http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/early/2021/08/19/23120541.00402-2021.abstract N2 - The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide and resulted in more than 3.5 million people deaths as of June 2021 [1]. Respiratory viruses, such as the influenza virus, cause direct damage to the airway epithelium, enabling Aspergillus to invade airway tissues. SARS-CoV-2 infection can also increase the risk of Aspergillus superinfection, i.e., the so-called COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), in severe COVID-19 patients [2]. CAPA has become a serious concern worldwide for the management of severe COVID-19 [2]. Several studies have reported a high incidence of CAPA and associated mortality rates in critical COVID-19 patients [3–12]. However, these reports were from limited facilities in the United States (US) or European countries, and epidemiological data from other regions of the world are limited. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide internet questionnaire surveillance study in Japan to obtain large-scale epidemiological data.FootnotesThis manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the ERJ Open Research. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJOR online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.Conflict of interest: Dr. Takahiro Takazono reports grants and personal fees from MSD Co., Ltd., personal fees from Pfizer Inc., grants and personal fees from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., grants from Shionogi Inc., outside the submitted work.Conflict of interest: Dr. Hiroshi Mukae reports personal fees from AbbVie GK, grants and personal fees from Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, grants and personal fees from Astellas Pharma Inc., personal fees from AstraZeneca K.K., personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, personal fees from Eli Lilly Japan K.K., grants and personal fees from FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., personal fees from Gilead Sciences Inc., personal fees from Insmed Incorporated, personal fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., grants and personal fees from Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., personal fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, personal fees from MSD Co., Ltd., personal fees from Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., personal fees from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co ., Ltd., personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K, grants and personal fees from Pfizer Inc., personal fees from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Taisho Pharma Co., Ltd, personal fees from Teijin Home Healthcare Limited., grants from Teijin Pharma Limited, grants and personal fees from Toa Shinyaku Co., Ltd., grants from Torii Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd, grants from Shionogi Inc., outside the submitted work; .Conflict of interest: Dr. Koichi Izumikawa has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Naoki Hasegawa has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Akihito Yokoyama reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, personal fees from Boehrlnger Ingelheim, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from GlaxoSmithKlein, personal fees from Sanofi, outside the submitted work; . ER -