@article {Reyes00552-2021, author = {Luis Felipe Reyes and Srinivas Murthy and Esteban Garcia-Gallo and Mike Irvine and Laura Merson and Ignacio Martin-Loeches and Jordi Rello and Fabio S. Taccone and Robert A. Fowler and Annemarie B. Docherty and Christiana Kartsonaki and Irene Aragao and Peter W. Barrett and Abigail Beane and Aidan Burrell and Matthew Pellan Cheng and Michael D. Christian and Jose Pedro Cidade and Barbara Wanjiru Citarella and Christl A. Donnelly and Susana M. Fernandes and Craig French and Rashan Haniffa and Ewen M. Harrison and Antonia Ying Wai Ho and Mark Joseph and Irfan Khan and Michelle E. Kho and Anders Benjamin Kildal and Demetrios Kutsogiannis and Fran{\c c}ois Lamontagne and Todd C. Lee and Gianluigi Li Bassi and Jose Wagner Lopez Revilla and Catherine Marquis and Jonathan Millar and Raul Neto and Alistair Nichol and Rachael Parke and Rui Pereira and Sergio Poli and Pedro Povoa and Kollengode Ramanathan and Oleksa Rewa and Jordi Riera and Sally Shrapnel and Maria Joao Silva and Andrew Udy and Timothy Uyeki and Steve A. Webb and Evert-Jan Wils and Amanda Rojek and Piero L. Olliaro and ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group}, editor = {, and Reyes, Luis Felipe and Murthy, Srinivas and Garcia-Gallo, Esteban and Irvine, Mike and Merson, Laura and Martin-Loeches, Ignacio and Rello, Jordi and Taccone, Fabio S. and Webb, Steve A. and Fowler, Robert A. and Docherty, Annemarie B and Donnelly, Christl A. and Kartsonaki, Christiana and Aragao, Irene and Barrett, Peter W. and Beane, Abigail and Broadley, Tessa and Cheng, Matthew Pellan and Christian, Michael D. and Cidade, Jose Pedro and Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru and Fernandes, Susana and Haniffa, Rashan and Harrison, Ewen M. and Ho, Antonia Ying Wai and Joseph, Mark and Khan, Irfan and Kho, Michelle E and Kildal, Anders Benjamin and Kutsogiannis, Demetrios and Lamontagne, Fran{\c c}ois and Lee, Todd C. and Li Bassi, Gianluigi and Lopez Revilla, Jose Wagner and Marquis, Catherine and Millar, Jonathan and Neto, Raul and Nichol, Alistair and Olliaro, Piero L. and Parke, Rachael and Pereira, Rui and Poli, Sergio and Povoa, Pedro and Ramanathan, Kollengode and Rello, Jordi and Rewa, Oleksa and Riera, Jordi and Rojek, Amanda and Shrapnel, Sally and Silva, Maria Joao and Trapani, Tony and Udy, Andrew and Uyeki, Timothy and Wils, Evert-Jan and Reyes, Luis Felipe and Garcia-Gallo, Esteban and Murthy, Srinivas and Irvine, Mike and Merson, Laura and Reyes, Luis Felipe and Garcia-Gallo, Esteban and Irvine, Mike and Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru and Kelly, Sadie and Kennon, Kalynn and Lee, James and Merson, Laura and Plotkin, Daniel and Smith, Sue and Strudwick, Samantha and Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru and Reyes, Luis Felipe and Garcia-Gallo, Esteban and Murthy, Srinivas and Irvine, Mike and Merson, Laura and Reyes, Luis Felipe and Garcia-Gallo, Esteban and Irvine, Mike and Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann and Abe, Ryuzo and Abel, Laurent and Absil, Lara and Acharya, Subhash and Acker, Andrew and Adachi, Shingo and Adam, Elisabeth and Adri{\~a}o, Diana and Ageel, Saleh Al and Ain, Quratul and Ainscough, Kate and Ait Hssain, Ali and Ait Tamlihat, Younes and Akimoto, Takako and Akmal, Ernita and Al Qasim, Eman and Alalqam, Razi and Alam, Tanvir and Al-dabbous, Tala and Alegre, Cynthia and Alex, Beatrice and Alexandre, K{\'e}vin and Al-Fares, Abdulrahman and Alfoudri, Huda and Ali Shah, Naseem and Alidjnou, Kazali Enagnon and Aliudin, Jeffrey and Allavena, Clotilde and Alves, Jo{\~a}o Melo and Alves, Jo{\~a}o and Alves, Rita and Amaral, Maria and Ampaw, Phoebe and Andini, Roberto and Andrejak, Claire and Angheben, Andrea and Angoulvant, Fran{\c c}ois and Ansart, S{\'e}verine and Antonelli, Massimo and Antunes de Brito, Carlos Alexandre and Apriyana, Ardiyan and Arabi, Yaseen and Aragao, Irene and Arancibia, Francisco and Arcadipane, Antonio and Archambault, Patrick and Arenz, Lukas and Arlet, Jean-Beno{\^\i}t and Arnold-Day, Christel and Arora, Lovkesh and Arora, Rakesh and Artaud-Macari, Elise and Aryal, Diptesh and Asensio, Angel and Assie, Jean Baptiste and Atique, Anika and Attanyake, A.M. Udara Lakshan and Auchabie, Johann and Aumaitre, Hugues and Azemar, Laur{\`e}ne and Azoulay, Cecile and Bach, Benjamin and Bachelet, Delphine and Badr, Claudine and Baillie, J. Kenneth and Bak, Erica and Bakakos, Agamemnon and Bal, Andriy and Bani-Sadr, Firouz{\'e} and Barrasa, Helena and Barbalho, Renata and Barclay, Wendy S. and Barnikel, Michaela and Barrigoto, Cleide and Bartoli, Marie and Bartone, Cheryl and Baruch, Joaqu{\'\i}n and Basmaci, Romain and Bauer, Jules and Bautista, Diego and Beane, Abigail and Behilill, Sylvie and Beljantsev, Aleksandr and Bellemare, David and Beltrame, Anna and Beluze, Marine and Benech, Nicolas and Benkerrou, Dehbia and Bennett, Suzanne and Bento, Lu{\'\i}s and Berdal, Jan-Erik and Bergeaud, Delphine and Bertolino, Lorenzo and Bessis, Simon and Bevilcaqua, Sybille and Bhatt, Amar and Bhavsar, Krishna and Bianchi, Isabella and Bianco, Claudia and Bikram Singh, Moirangthem and Bin Humaid, Felwa and Biston, Patrick and Bitker, Laurent and Blanco-Schweizer, Pablo and Blandino Ortiz, Aaron and Blier, Catherine and Blot, Mathieu and Boccia, Filomena and Bodenes, Laetitia and Bogaert, Debby and Bolze, Pierre-Adrien and Bompart, Fran{\c c}ois and Borges, Diogo and Borie, Rapha{\"e}l and Bosse, Hans Martin and Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth and Bouadma, Lila and Bouchaud, Olivier and Bouchez, Sabelline and Bouhmani, Dounia and Bouhour, Damien and Bouiller, K{\'e}vin and Bouillet, Laurence and Bouisse, Camile and Boureau, Anne-Sophie and Bouscambert, Maude and Bouziotis, Jason and Boxma, Bianca and Boyer-Besseyre, Marielle and Boylan, Maria and Bozza, Fernando Augusto and Brack, Matthew and Braga, Cynthia and Brandenburger, Timo and Br{\'a}s Monteiro, Filipa and Brazzi, Luca and Breen, Dorothy and Breen, Patrick and Brickell, Kathy and Broadley, Tessa and Browne, Alex and Brozzi, Nicolas and Buchtele, Nina and Buesaquillo, Christian and Buisson, Marielle and Burhan, Erlina and Burrell, Aidan and Bustos, Ingrid G. and Cabie, Andr{\'e} and Cabral, Susana and Caceres, Eder and Cadoz, Cyril and Calligy, Kate and Calvache, Jose Andres and Cam{\~o}es, Jo{\~a}o and Campana, Valentine and Campbell, Paul and Canepa, Cecilia and Cantero, Mireia and Caraux-Paz, Pauline and C{\'a}rcel, Sheila and Cardellino, Chiara and Cardoso, Filipa and Cardoso, Filipe and Cardoso, Nelson and Cardoso, Sofia and Carelli, Simone and Carlier, Nicolas and Carney, Gayle and Carpenter, Chloe and Carret, Marie-Christine and Carrier, Fran{\c c}ois Martin and Carson, Gail and Casanova, Maire-Laure and Casc{\~a}o, Mariana and Casimiro, Jos{\'e} and Cassandra, Bailey and Casta{\~n}eda, Silvia and Castanheira, Nidyanara and Castor-Alexandre, Guylaine and Castrill{\'o}n, Henry and Castro, Ivo and Catarino, Ana and Catherine, Fran{\c c}ois-Xavier and Cavalin, Roberta and Cavayas, Alexandros and Ceccato, Adrian and Cervantes-Gonzalez, Minerva and Chair, Anissa and Chakveatze, Catherine and Chan, Adrienne and Chand, Meera and Chantalat Auger, Christelle and Chapplain, Jean-Marc and Chaudary, Mobin and Chen, Anjellica and Chen, Yih-Sharng and Cheng, Matthew Pellan and Cheret, Antoine and Chiarabini, Thibault and Chica, Julian and Chirouze, Catherine and Chiumello, Davide and Cho, Hwa Jin and Cho, Sung Min and Cholley, Bernard and Chopin, Marie-Charlotte and Cidade, Jose Pedro and Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru and Ciullo, Anna and Clarke, Jennifer and Clohisey, Sara and Coca, Necsoi and Codan, Cassidy and Cody, Caitriona and Coelho, Alexandra and Colin, Gwenha{\"e}l and Collins, Michael and Colombo, Sebastiano Maria and Combs, Pamela and Connor, Marie and Conrad, Anne and Contreras, Sof{\'\i}a and Cooke, Graham S. and Copland, Mary and Cordel, Hugues and Corley, Amanda and Cormican, Sarah and Cornelis, Sabine and Corpuz, Arianne Joy and Corvaisier, Gr{\'e}gory and Couffignal, Camille and Couffin-Cadiergues, Sandrine and Courtois, Roxane and Cousse, St{\'e}phanie and Croonen, Sabine and Crowl, Gloria and Crump, Jonathan and Cruz, Claudina and Csete, Marc and Cullen, Caroline and Cummings, Matthew and Curley, Gerard and Curlier, Elodie and Custodio, Paula and da Silva Filipe, Ana and Da Silveira, Charlene and Dabaliz, Al-Awwab and Dagens, Andrew and Dalton, Heidi and Dalton, Jo and Daneman, Nick and Dankwa, Emmanuelle and Dantas, Jorge and D{\textquoteright}Aragon, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rick and de Mendoza, Diego and De Montmollin, Etienne and de Oliveira Fran{\c c}a, Rafael Freitas and De Pablo, Ra{\'u}l and de Pinho Oliveira, Ana Isabel and De Rosa, Rosanna and de Silva, Thushan and De Vries, Peter and Deacon, Jillian and Dean, David and Debard, Alexa and Debray, Marie-Pierre and DeCastro, Nathalie and Dechert, William and Deconninck, Lauren and Decours, Romain and Delacroix, Isabelle and Delfos, Nathalie M. and Deligiannis, Ionna and Dell{\textquoteright}Amore, Andrea and Delmas, Christelle and Delobel, Pierre and Denis, Emmanuelle and Deplanque, Dominique and Depuydt, Pieter and Desai, Mehul and Descamps, Diane and Desvall{\'e}e, Mathilde and Dewayanti, Santi and Diallo, Alpha and Diamantis, Sylvain and Diaz, Rodrigo and Diaz, Juan Jose and Diaz, Priscila and Didier, K{\'e}vin and Diehl, Jean-Luc and Dieperink, Wim and Dimet, J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Dinot, Vincent and Diop, Fara and Diouf, Alphonsine and Dishon, Yael and Djossou, F{\'e}lix and Docherty, Annemarie B. and Dondorp, Arjen M and Donnelly, Christl A. and Donnelly, Maria and Donohue, Chloe and Dorival, C{\'e}line and D{\textquoteright}Ortenzio, Eric and Douglas, James Joshua and Douma, Renee and Dournon, Nathalie and Downer, Triona and Downing, Mark and Drake, Tom and Driscoll, Aoife and Duarte Fonseca, Claudio and Dubos, Fran{\c c}ois and Duculan, Toni and Dudman, Susanne and Dunning, Jake and Duplaix, Mathilde and Durante-Mangoni, Emanuele and Durham III, Lucian and Duthoit, Juliette and Duval, Xavier and Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Margarita and Echeverria-Villalobos, Marco and Egan, Siobhan and Eira, Carla and El Sanharawi, Mohammed and Elapavaluru, Subbarao and Elharrar, Brigitte and Ellerbroek, Jacobien and Ellis, Rachael and Eloy, Philippine and Elshazly, Tarek and Enderle, Isabelle and Engelmann, Ilka and Enouf, Vincent and Epaulard, Olivier and Escher, Martina and Esperatti, Mariano and Esperou, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Esposito-Farese, Marina and Estev{\~a}o, Jo{\~a}o and Etienne, Manuel and Ettalhaoui, Nadia and Evers, Mirjam and Fabre, Isabelle and Faheem, Amna and Fahy, Arabella and Fairfield, Cameron J. and Faria, Pedro and Farooq, Ahmed and Farshait, Nataly and Fatoni, Arie Zainul and Faure, Karine and Favory, Rapha{\"e}l and Fayed, Mohamed and Feely, Niamh and Fernandes, Jorge and Fernandes, Mar{\'\i}lia and Fernandes, Susana and Ferrand Devouge, Eglantine and Ferr{\~a}o, Joana and Ferraz, M{\'a}rio and Ferrer-Roca, Ricard and Ferriere, Nicolas and Figueiredo-Mello, Claudia and Fiorda, Juan and Flament, Thomas and Flateau, Clara and Fletcher, Tom and Florio, Letizia Lucia and Flynn, Brigid and Foley, Claire and Fonseca, Tatiana and Fontela, Patricia and Forsyth, Simon and Foster, Denise and Foti, Giuseppe and Fourn, Erwan and Fowler, Robert A. and Franch-Llasat, Diego and Fraser, Christophe and Fraser, John and Freire, Marcela Vieira and Freitas Ribeiro, Ana and Friedrich, Caren and Fritz, Ricardo and Fry, St{\'e}phanie and Fuentes, Nora and Fukuda, Masahiro and Gaborieau, Val{\'e}rie and Gaci, Rostane and Gagliardi, Massimo and Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine and Gai{\~a}o, S{\'e}rgio and Gail Skeie, Linda and Gallagher, Phil and Gamble, Carrol and Garan, Arthur and Garcia, Rebekha and Garcia-Gallo, Esteban and Garot, Denis and Garrait, Val{\'e}rie and Gault, Nathalie and Gavin, Aisling and Gaymard, Alexandre and Gebauer, Johannes and Gerbaud Morlaes, Louis and Germano, Nuno and Ghosn, Jade and Giani, Marco and Gibson, Jess and Gigante, Tristan and Gilg, Morgane and Giordano, Guillermo and Girvan, Michelle and Gissot, Val{\'e}rie and Giwangkancana, Gezy and Gnall, Eric and Goco, Geraldine and Goehringer, Fran{\c c}ois and Goepel, Siri and Goffard, Jean-Christophe and Golob, Jonathan and G{\'o}mez-Junyent, Joan and Gonzalez Gonzalez, Alicia and Gorenne, Isabelle and Goubert, Laure and Goujard, C{\'e}cile and Goulenok, Tiphaine and Grable, Margarite and Graf, Jeronimo and Grandin, Edward Wilson and Grasselli, Giacomo and Grazioli, Lorenzo and Green, Christopher A. and Greenhalf, William and Grieco, Domenico Luca and Griffee, Matthew and Griffiths, Fiona and Grigoras, Ioana and Groenendijk, Albert and Gruner, Heidi and Gu, Yusing and Guedj, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie and Guellec, Dewi and Guerguerian, Anne-Marie and Guerreiro, Daniela and Guery, Romain and Guillaumot, Anne and Guilleminault, Laurent and Guimard, Thomas and Haber, Daniel and Hadri, Nadir and Hakak, Sheeba and Hall, Matthew and Hall, Adam and Halpin, Sophie and Hamer, Ansley and Hamidfar, Rebecca and Hammond, Terese and Haniffa, Rashan and Hardwick, Hayley and Harrison, Ewen M. and Harrison, Janet and Hayat, Muhammad and Hays, Leanne and Heerman, Jan and Heggelund, Lars and Hendry, Ross and Hennessy, Martina and Henriquez-Trujillo, Aquiles and Hentzien, Maxime and Herekar, Fivzia and Hernandez-Montfort, Jaime and Hershey, Andrew and Hesstvedt, Liv and Hidayah, Astarini and Higgins, Eibhilin and Higgins, Dawn and Hinton, Samuel and Hip{\'o}lito-Reis, Ana and Hiraiwa, Hiroaki and Ho, Antonia Ying Wai and Hoctin, Alexandre and Hoffmann, Isabelle and Hoiting, Oscar and Holt, Rebecca and Holter, Jan Cato and Horby, Peter and Horcajada, Juan Pablo and Hoshino, Koji and Houas, Ikram and Hough, Catherine L. and Hsu, Jimmy Ming-Yang and Hulot, Jean-S{\'e}bastien and Ijaz, Samreen and Illes, Hajnal-Gabriela and Imbert, Patrick and In{\'a}cio, Hugo and Isgett, Sarah and Ishani, Palliya Guruge Pramodya Ishani and Isidoro, Tiago and Isnard, Margaux and Itai, Junji and Ivulich, Daniel and Jaafar, Danielle and Jaafoura, Salma and Jackson, Clare and Jacquet, Pierre and Jamieson, Nina and Jaureguiberry, St{\'e}phane and Jawad, Issrah and Jayakumar, Devachandran and Jego, Florence and Jenum, Synne and Jimbo-Sotomayor, Ruth and Jorge Garc{\'\i}a, Ruth Noem{\'\i} and Joseph, C{\'e}dric and Joseph, Mark and Joshi, Swosti and Jourdain, Merc{\'e} and Jouvet, Philippe and Jung, Hanna and Juzar, Dafsah and Kafif, Ouifiya and Kaguelidou, Florentia and Kali, Sabina and Kalomoiri, Smaragdi and Kambiya, Paul and Kandamby, Darshana Hewa and Kandel, Chris and Kant, Ravi and Kartsonaki, Christiana and Kasugai, Daisuke and Kataria, Anant and Katz, Kevin and Kaur Johal, Simreen and Kay, Christy and Keating, Sean and Kelly, Andrea and Kelly, Sadie and Kennedy, Ryan and Kennon, Kalynn and Kerroumi, Younes and Kestelyn, Evelyne and Khalid, Imrana and Khalil, Antoine and Khan, Coralie and Khan, Irfan and Khanal, Sushil and Kho, Michelle E and Khoo, Saye and Khoso, Nasir and Kida, Yuri and Kiiza, Peter and Kildal, Anders Benjamin and Kim, Jae Burm and Kimmoun, Antoine and Kindgen-Milles, Detlef and Kitamura, Nobuya and Klenerman, Paul and Kloumann Bekken, Gry and Knight, Stephen and Kodippily, Chamira and Kohns Vasconcelos, Malte and Koirala, Sabin and Komatsu, Mamoru and Kosgei, Caroline and Kpangon, Ars{\`e}ne and Krawczyk, Karolina and Kumar, Ashok and Kumar, Deepali and Kumar, Mukesh and Kumar Vecham, Pavan and Kurtzman, Ethan and Kusumastuti, Neurinda Permata and Kutsogiannis, Demetrios and Kyriakoulis, Konstantinos and Lachatre, Marie and Laffey, John G. and Laine, Fabrice and Lambert, Marc and Lamontagne, Fran{\c c}ois and Langelot-Richard, Marie and Langlois, Vincent and Lantang, Eka Yudha and Lanza, Marina and Laou{\'e}nan, C{\'e}dric and Laribi, Samira and Lariviere, Delphine and Launay, Odile and Law, Andrew and Lawrence, Cassie and Le, Minh and Le Bris, Cyril and Le Falher, Georges and Le Fevre, Lucie and Le Hingrat, Quentin and Le Mar{\'e}chal, Marion and Le Mestre, Soizic and Le Nagard, Herv{\'e} and Le Turnier, Paul and Lee, Su Hwan and Lee, James and Lee, Todd C. and Leeming, Gary and Lefebvre, B{\'e}n{\'e}dicte and Lefevre, Benjamin and LeGac, Sylvie and Lelievre, Jean-Daniel and Lellouche, Fran{\c c}ois and Lemaignen, Adrien and Lemee, V{\'e}ronique and Lemeur, Anthony and Lemmink, Gretchen and Le{\'o}n, Rafael and Leone, Michela and Lepiller, Quentin and Lescure, Fran{\c c}ois-Xavier and Lesens, Olivier and Lesouhaitier, Mathieu and Levy, Bruno and Levy, Yves and Levy-Marchal, Claire and L{\textquoteright}Her, Erwan and Li Bassi, Gianluigi and Liang, Janet and Liaquat, Ali and Liegeon, Geoffrey and Lim, Wei Shen and Lima, Chantre and Lina, Bruno and Lind, Andreas and Lingas, Guillaume and Link, Linda and Lion-Daolio, Sylvie and Lissauer, Samantha and Liu, Keibun and Livrozet, Marine and Lolong, Navy and Lopes, Diogo and Lopez-Colon, Dalia and Loschner, Anthony L. and Loufti, Bouchra and Louis, Guillame and Lourenco, Silvia and Lucet, Jean Christophe and Luna, Carlos M. and Lungu, Olguta and Luong, Liem and Luton, Dominique and Lwin, Nilar and Lyons, Ruth and Maasikas, Olavi and Mabiala, Oryane and Macheda, Gabriel and Macias Sanchez, Juan and Madhok, Jai and Madiha, Hashmi and Mahy, Sophie and Maia, Raquel and Maier, Lars Siegfried and Maillet, Myl{\`e}ne and Maitre, Thomas and Malfertheiner, Maximilian and Malik, Nadia and Malvy, Denis and Manda, Victoria and Mandei, Jose M. and Mandelbrot, Laurent and Mankikian, Julie and Manning, Edmund and Manuel, Aldric and Maria Sant{\textquoteleft}Ana Malaque, Ceila and Marino, Daniel and Marino, Fl{\'a}vio and Mariz, Carolline de Ara{\'u}jo and Markowicz, Samuel and Marques, Ana and Marquis, Catherine and Marsh, Brian and Marsh, Laura and Marshall, John and Martelli, Celina Turchi and Martin, Emily and Martin-Blondel, Guillaume and Martinelli, Alessandra and Martin-Loeches, Ignacio and Martins, Ana and Martins, Jo{\~a}o and Martins, Nuno and Martins Rego, Caroline and Martucci, Gennaro and Marwali, Eva Miranda and Maslove, David and Mason, Sabina and Mat Nor, Basri and Mathieu, Daniel and Mattei, Mathieu and Matulevics, Romans and May, Jennifer and Maynar, Javier and Mazzoni, Thierry and Mc Evoy, Natalie and McCarthy, Aine and McCarthy, Anne and McCloskey, Colin and McConnochie, Rachael and McConnochie, Rachael and McDermott, Sherry and McDonald, Sarah and McElwee, Samuel and McGeer, Allison and McKay, Chris and McKeown, Johnny and McLean, Kenneth A. and McNicholas, Bairbre and Meaney, Edel and Mear-Passard, C{\'e}cile and Mechlin, Maggie and Mele, Ferruccio and Melo, Luis and Mendes, Joao Joao and Menkiti, Ogechukwu and Menon, Kusum and Mentr{\'e}, France and Mentzer, Alexander J. and Mercier, Emmanuelle and Mercier, No{\'e}mie and Mergeay-Fabre, Mayka and Mergler, Blake and Merson, Laura and Mesquita, Ant{\'o}nio and Meybeck, Agn{\`e}s and Meyer, Dan and Meynert, Alison M. and Meysonnier, Vanina and Meziane, Amina and Mezidi, Mehdi and Michelet, Isabelle and Mihelis, Efstathia and Mihnovit{\v s}, Vladislav and Miranda-Maldonado, Hugo and Moin, Asma and Molina, David and Molinos, Elena and Mone, Mary and Monteiro, Agostinho and Montes, Claudia and Montrucchio, Giorgia and Moore, Sarah and Moore, Shona C. and Morales Cely, Lina and Moro, Lucia and Morton, Ben and Motherway, Catherine and Motos, Ana and Mouquet, Hugo and Mouton Perrot, Clara and Moyet, Julien and Mullaert, Jimmy and M{\"u}ller, Fredrik and M{\"u}ller, Karl Erik and Muneeb, Syed and Murris, Marl{\`e}ne and Murthy, Srinivas and Myrodia, Dimitra Melia and Nagpal, Dave and Nagrebetsky, Alex and Narasimhan, Mangala and Nasim Khan, Rashid and Neant, Nad{\`e}ge and Neb, Holger and Neto, Raul and Neumann, Emily and Ng, Wing Yiu and Ng, Pauline Yeung and Nguyen, Duc and Ni Choileain, Orna and Nichol, Alistair and Nonas, Stephanie and Noret, Marion and Norman, Lisa and Notari, Alessandra and Noursadeghi, Mahdad and Nseir, Saad and Nunez, Jose I and Nurnaningsih, Nurnaningsih and Occhipinti, Giovanna and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Max and Ogston, Tawnya and Ogura, Takayuki and Oh, Tak-Hyuk and O{\textquoteright}Hearn, Katie and Ohshimo, Shinichiro and Oinam, Budhacharan Singh and Oliveira, Jo{\~a}o and Oliveira, Larissa and Olliaro, Piero L. and O{\textquoteright}Neil, Conar and Ong, David S.Y. and Oosthuyzen, Wilna and Opavsky, Anne and Openshaw, Peter and Orakzai, Saijad and Orozco-Chamorro, Claudia Milena and Ortoleva, Jamel and Osatnik, Javier and Ouamara, Nadia and Ouissa, Rachida and Owyang, Clark and Oziol, Eric and Pabasara, H.M. Upulee and Pagadoy, Ma{\"\i}der and Pages, Justine and Palacios, Mario and Palacios, Amanda and Palmarini, Massimo and Panarello, Giovanna and Panda, Prasan Kumar and Paneru, Hem and Panigada, Mauro and Papadopoulos, Aur{\'e}lie and Parker, Melissa and Parra, Briseida and Pasquier, J{\'e}r{\'e}mie and Patauner, Fabian and Patel, Junaid and Patr{\~a}o, Lu{\'\i}s and Patricio, Patricia and Patrier, Juliette and Patterson, Lisa and Paul, Christelle and Paul, Mical and Paulos, Jorge and Paxton, William A. and Payen, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and Peek, Giles and Peelman, Florent and Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan and Peigne, Vincent and Pejkovska, Mare and Peltan, Ithan D. and Pereira, Rui and Perez, Daniel and Periel, Luis and Perpoint, Thomas and Pesenti, Antonio and Pestre, Vincent and Petrou{\v s}ov{\'a}, Lenka and Petrov-Sanchez, Ventzislava and Pettersen, Frank Olav and Peytavin, Gilles and Pharand, Scott and Piagnerelli, Michael and Picard, Walter and Picone, Olivier and Pierobon, Carola and Pimentel, Carlos and Piroth, Lionel and Pius, Riinu and Piva, Simone and Plantier, Laurent and Plotkin, Daniel and Poissy, Julien and Pokeerbux, Ryadh and Poli, Sergio and Pollakis, Georgios and Ponscarme, Diane and Post, Andra-Maris and Postma, Douwe F. and Povoa, Pedro and P{\'o}voas, Diana and Powis, Jeff and Prapa, Sofia and Preau, S{\'e}bastien and Prebensen, Christian and Preiser, Jean-Charles and Prinssen, Anton and Pritchard, Mark and Priyadarshani, Gamage Dona Dilanthi and Proen{\c c}a, L{\'u}cia and Pu{\'e}chal, Oriane and Pulicken, Matthew and Purcell, Gregory and Quesada, Luisa and Quinones-Cardona, Vilmaris and Quist-Paulsen, Else and Quraishi, Mohammed and Rabaud, Christian and Rafael, Aldo and Rafiq, Marie and Rahutullah, Arsalan and Rainieri, Fernando and Ralib, Azrina and Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan and Ramos, Grazielle Viana and Rana, Asim and Rashan, Aasiyah and Rashan, Thalha and Rasmin, Menaldi and R{\"a}tsep, Indrek and Real, Andre and Rebaudet, Stanislas and Reeve, Brenda and Rehan, Ali and Rehman, Attaur and Reid, Liadain and Reikvam, Dag Henrik and Reis, Renato and Remppis, Jonathan and Remy, Martine and Ren, Hongru and Renk, Hanna and Resende, Liliana and Revest, Matthieu and Rewa, Oleksa and Reyes, Luis F. and Reyes, Tiago and Ribeiro, Maria Ines and Richardson, David and Richardson, Denise and Richier, Laurent and Riera, Jordi and Rios, Ana L{\'u}cia and Rishu, Asgar and Rizer, Nicholas and Roberto, Andr{\'e} and Roberts, Stephanie and Robertson, David L. and Robineau, Olivier and Roche-Campo, Ferran and Rodari, Paola and Rodeia, Sim{\~a}o and Roger, Pierre-Marie and Rojek, Amanda and Romaru, Juliette and Roncon-Albuquerque Jr, Roberto and Rosa-Calatrava, Manuel and Rose, Michael and Rosenberger, Dorothea and Rossanese, Andrea and Rossetti, Matteo and Rossignol, B{\'e}n{\'e}dicte and Rossignol, Patrick and R{\"o}ssler, Bernhard and Rousset, Stella and Roy, Carine and Roze, Beno{\^\i}t and Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy and Russell, Clark D. and Ryckaert, Steffi and Rygh Holten, Aleksander and Saba, Isabela and Sadaf, Sairah and Sadat, Musharaf and Sahraei, Valla and Saint-Gilles, Maximilien and Salahuddin, Nawal and Salazar, Leonardo and Sales, Gabriele and Sallaberry, St{\'e}phane and Salmon Gandonniere, Charlotte and Salvator, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Sanchez, Olivier and Sanchez-Miralles, Angel and Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa and Sandhu, Gyan and Sandrine, Pierre-Fran{\c c}ois and Sandulescu, Oana and Santos, Marlene and Sarfo-Mensah, Shirley and Sarmiento, Iam Claire E. and Sarton, Benjamine and Satyapriya, Sree and Saviciute, Egle and Schaffer, Justin and Schermer, Tjard and Scherpereel, Arnaud and Schneider, Marion and Schroll, Stephan and Schwameis, Michael and Scott, Janet T. and Scott-Brown, James and Sedillot, Nicholas and Seitz, Tamara and Semaille, Caroline and Semple, Malcolm G. and Senneville, Eric and Sepulveda, Claudia and Sequeira, Filipa and Sequeira, T{\^a}nia and Serpa Neto, Ary and Shadowitz, Ellen and Shamsah, Mohammad and Sharma, Pratima and Shaw, Catherine A. and Shaw, Victoria and Sheharyar, Ashraf and Shi, Haixia and Shiekh, Mohiuddin and Shime, Nobuaki and Shimizu, Hiroaki and Shimizu, Keiki and Shimizu, Naoki and Shrapnel, Sally and Shum, Hoi Ping and Si Mohammed, Nassima and Sibiude, Jeanne and Siddiqui, Atif and Sigfrid, Louise and Sillaots, Piret and Silva, Catarina and Silva, Maria Joao and Silva, Rog{\'e}rio and Sin, Wai Ching and Skogen, Vegard and Smith, Sue and Smood, Benjamin and Smyth, Michelle and Snacken, Morgane and So, Dominic and Solis, Monserrat and Solomon, Joshua and Solomon, Tom and Somers, Emily and Sommet, Agn{\`e}s and Song, Myung Jin and Song, Rima and Song, Tae and Sonntagbauer, Michael and Soum, Edouard and Sousa, Ana Chora and Sousa, Marta and Sousa Uva, Maria and Souza-Dantas, Vicente and Sperry, Alexandra and Sri Darshana, B.P. Sanka Ruwan and Sriskandan, Shiranee and Stabler, Sarah and Staudinger, Thomas and Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne and Stienstra, Ymkje and Stiksrud, Birgitte and Streinu-Cercel, Anca and Streinu-Cercel, Adrian and Strudwick, Samantha and Stuart, Ami and Stuart, David and Suen, Jacky Y. and Suen, Gabriel and Sultana, Asfia and Summers, Charlotte and Surovcov{\'a}, Magdalena and Syrigos, Konstantinos and Sztajnbok, Jaques and Szuldrzynski, Konstanty and Tabrizi, Shirin and Taccone, Fabio and Tagherset, Lysa and Taleb, Sara and Talsma, Jelmer and Tan, Le Van and Tanaka, Hiroyuki and Tanaka, Taku and Taniguchi, Hayato and Tanveer, Hussain and Tardivon, Coralie and Tattevin, Pierre and Taufik, M. Azhari and Tedder, Richard S. and Teixeira, Jo{\~a}o and Tejada, Sofia and Tellier, Marie-Capucine and Teotonio, Vanessa and T{\'e}oul{\'e}, Fran{\c c}ois and Terpstra, Pleun and Terrier, Olivier and Terzi, Nicolas and Tessier-Grenier, Hubert and Thibault, Vincent and Thill, Beno{\^\i}t and Thompson, Shaun and Thomson, Emma C. and Thomson, David and Thuy, Duong Bich and Thwaites, Ryan S. and Timsit, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar and Tissot, No{\'e}mie and Toki, Maria and Tolppa, Timo and Tonby, Kristian and Torres, Antoni and Torres-Zevallos, Hernando and Trapani, Tony and Treoux, Th{\'e}o and Trieu, Huynh Trung and Tromeur, C{\'e}cile and Trontzas, Ioannis and Troost, Jonathan and Trouillon, Tiffany and Truong, Jeanne and Tual, Christelle and Tubiana, Sarah and Tuite, Helen and Turmel, Jean-Marie and Turtle, Lance C.W. and Twardowski, Pawel and Uchiyama, Makoto and Udayanga, P.G. Ishara and Udy, Andrew and Ullrich, Roman and Uribe, Alberto and Usman, Asad and Val-Flores, Lu{\'\i}s and Valran, Am{\'e}lie and Van De Velde, Stijn and van den Berge, Marcel and Van der Feltz, Machteld and Van Der Vekens, Nicky and Van der Voort, Peter and Van Der Werf, Sylvie and van Gulik, Laura and Van Hattem, Jarne and van Lelyveld, Steven and van Netten, Carolien and van Twillert, G and Vanel, No{\'e}mie and Vanoverschelde, oHenk and Vauchy, Charline and Veislinger, Aur{\'e}lie and Ventura, Sara and Verbon, Annelies and Vidal, Jos{\'e} Ernesto and Vieira, C{\'e}sar and Villanueva, Joy Ann and Villar, Judit and Villeneuve, Pierre-Marc and Villoldo, Andrea and Vinh Chau, Nguyen Van and Visseaux, Benoit and Visser, Hannah and Vitiello, Chiara and Vuotto, Fanny and Wang, Chih-Hsien and Wei, Jia and Weil, Katharina and Wesselius, Sanne and Wham, Murray and Whelan, Bryan and White, Nicole and Wicky, Paul Henri and Wiedemann, Aur{\'e}lie and Wille, Keith and Williams, Virginie and Wils, Evert-Jan and Wolf, Timo and Xynogalas, Ioannis and Yacoub, Sophie and Yamazaki, Masaki and Yazdanpanah, Yazdan and Yelnik, C{\'e}cile and Yerkovich, Stephanie and Yokoyama, Toshiki and Yonis, Hodane and Yuliarto, Saptadi and Zaaqoq, Akram and Zabbe, Marion and Zacharowski, Kai and Zahran, Maram and Zambon, Maria and Zambrano, Miguel and Zanella, Alberto and Zoufaly, Alexander and Zucman, David}, title = {Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 registered in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium WHO clinical characterisation protocol: a prospective, multinational, multicen{\textellipsis}}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, elocation-id = {00552-2021}, year = {2022}, doi = {10.1183/23120541.00552-2021}, publisher = {European Respiratory Society}, abstract = {Due to the large number of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many were treated outside the traditional walls of the intensive care unit (ICU), and in many cases, by personnel who were not trained in critical care. The clinical characteristics and the relative impact of caring for severe COVID-19 patients outside the ICU is unknown. This was a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium World Health Organization COVID-19 platform. Severe COVID-19 patients were identified as those admitted to an ICU and/or those treated with one of the following treatments: invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, inotropes or vasopressors. A logistic generalised additive model was used to compare clinical outcomes among patients admitted or not to the ICU. A total of 40 440 patients from 43 countries and six continents were included in this analysis. Severe COVID-19 patients were frequently male (62.9\%), older adults (median (interquartile range (IQR), 67 (55{\textendash}78) years), and with at least one comorbidity (63.2\%). The overall median (IQR) length of hospital stay was 10 (5{\textendash}19) days and was longer in patients admitted to an ICU than in those who were cared for outside the ICU (12 (6{\textendash}23) days versus 8 (4{\textendash}15) days, p\<0.0001). The 28-day fatality ratio was lower in ICU-admitted patients (30.7\% (5797 out of 18 831) versus 39.0\% (7532 out of 19 295), p\<0.0001). Patients admitted to an ICU had a significantly lower probability of death than those who were not (adjusted OR 0.70, 95\% CI 0.65{\textendash}0.75; p\<0.0001). Patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to an ICU had significantly lower 28-day fatality ratio than those cared for outside an ICU.Countries and hospitals need to identify strategies to increase their ICU capacity (i.e. trained personnel, ICU beds and monitoring systems) to treat patients presenting to the hospital with severe $\#$COVID19 rather than provide such care outside of the ICU https://bit.ly/3xh9A6M}, URL = {https://openres.ersjournals.com/content/8/1/00552-2021}, eprint = {https://openres.ersjournals.com/content/8/1/00552-2021.full.pdf}, journal = {ERJ Open Research} }