RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Paediatric Assembly JF ERJ Open Research JO erjor FD European Respiratory Society SP 00643-2021 DO 10.1183/23120541.00643-2021 VO 8 IS 2 A1 Cristina Ardura-Garcia A1 Alicia Abellan A1 Sara Cuevas-OcaƱa A1 Nadine Freitag A1 Yin Ting Lam A1 Heidi Makrinioti A1 Monique Slaats A1 Matteo Storti A1 Emma E. Williams A1 Theodore Dassios A1 Liesbeth Duijts A1 Refika H. Ersu A1 Stojka Fustik A1 Rory E. Morty A1 Marijke Proesmans A1 Dirk Schramm A1 Sejal Saglani A1 Alexander Moeller A1 Marielle W. Pijnenburg YR 2022 UL http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/8/2/00643-2021.abstract AB In this review, Early Career Members of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the Chairs of the ERS Assembly 7: Paediatrics present the highlights in paediatric respiratory medicine from the ERS International Congress 2021. The eight scientific Groups of this Assembly cover respiratory physiology and sleep, asthma and allergy, cystic fibrosis (CF), respiratory infection and immunology, neonatology and intensive care, respiratory epidemiology, bronchology, and lung and airway development. We here describe new developments in lung function testing and sleep-disordered breathing diagnosis, early life exposures affecting pulmonary function in children and effect of COVID-19 on sleep and lung function. In paediatric asthma, we present the important role of the exposome in asthma development, and how biologics can provide better outcomes. We discuss new methods to assess distal airways in children with CF, as some details remain blind when using the lung clearance index. Moreover, we summarise the new ERS guidelines for bronchiectasis management in children and adolescents. We present interventions to reduce morbidity and monitor pulmonary function in newborns at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and long-term chronic respiratory morbidity of this disease. In respiratory epidemiology, we characterise primary ciliary dyskinesia, identify early life determinants of respiratory health and describe the effect of COVID-19 preventive measures on respiratory symptoms. Also, we describe the epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases, possible consequences of tracheomalacia and a classification of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in children. Finally, we highlight that the characterisation of genes and pathways involved in the development of a disease is essential to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Highlights from the Paediatrics Assembly at #ERSCongress 2021 https://bit.ly/3FaFgNt