TY - JOUR T1 - Symptomatic smokers without COPD have physiological changes heralding the development of COPD JF - ERJ Open Research JO - erjor DO - 10.1183/23120541.00202-2022 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 00202-2022 AU - Erica Bazzan AU - Umberto Semenzato AU - Graziella Turato AU - Davide Biondini AU - Pablo Cubero AU - Marta Marin-Oto AU - Marta Forner AU - Mariaenrica Tinè AU - Alvise Casara AU - Simonetta Baraldo AU - Paolo Spagnolo AU - Jose M. Marin AU - Marina Saetta AU - Manuel G. Cosio Y1 - 2022/04/01 UR - http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/8/2/00202-2022.abstract N2 - Background COPD is a major health problem, mainly due to cigarette smoking. Most studies in COPD are dedicated to fully developed COPD in older subjects, even though development of COPD may start soon after smoking initiation. Therefore, there is a need to diagnose this “early disease” by detecting the initial events responsible for ultimate development of COPD.Methods Measurement of maximum mid expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity (MMEF) in a routine spirometry, which detects small airways disease, was used to investigate if MMEF abnormalities in smokers without COPD (noCOPD) would relate to respiratory symptoms and identify smokers that might progress to COPD. For this purpose we studied 511 smokers, 302 COPD and 209 noCOPD, followed long term with spirometry including MMEF, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), 6-min walk test (6MWT), Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale and COPD Assessment Test. Three spirometries V1,V2 and V3 (5±2.5 and 10±4 years apart from V1) were performed to assess functional decline and development of COPD.Results 65% of noCOPD had an abnormal MMEF (<80%) and 38% an abnormal DLCO. The NoCOPD with MMEF <80% group performed worse in the 6MWT (p=0.01), was more dyspnoeic (p=0.01) and had higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis than the noCOPD with MMEF>80% group (p=0.04). 21% of noCOPD with MMEF <80% and 2.7% with MMEF>80% developed COPD by V3 (p=0.0004).Conclusions The MMEF, a functional test available in a routine spirometry, can detect early lung abnormalities and identify the subset of symptomatic smokers with pathological changes that might lead to COPD.In symptomatic smokers with normal FEV1/FVC, an abnormal FEF25–75% (MMEF), which reflects early lung abnormalities, could be used as a biomarker for disease progression and impending risk of COPD development https://bit.ly/39y0smC ER -