TY - JOUR T1 - Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension clinical benefit–risk assessment for refractory <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> complex lung disease JF - ERJ Open Research JO - erjor DO - 10.1183/23120541.00623-2021 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 00623-2021 AU - Theodore K. Marras AU - Mariam Hassan AU - Kevin C. Mange AU - Monika Ciesielska AU - Shilpa Dhar Murthy AU - Zhanna Jumadilova AU - Anjan Chatterjee Y1 - 2022/07/01 UR - http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/8/3/00623-2021.abstract N2 - Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the leading cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, which can be associated with progressive lung damage and increased mortality [1]. Patients with MAC lung disease have substantial disease burden and limited treatment options [1]. Up to 40% of patients experience failure, with lengthy multidrug treatments, relapse or reinfection [2]. For patients with treatment-refractory MAC lung disease (persistent MAC-positive sputum despite ≥6 months of guideline-based therapy (GBT)), international guidelines recommend the addition of amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) to GBT regimens [3]. In clinical trials, patients with treatment-refractory MAC lung disease had improved culture conversion with ALIS+GBT versus GBT [4, 5].Marras et al. report a low number needed to treat and high number needed to harm supporting addition of amikacin liposome inhalation suspension to guideline-based treatments in patients with treatment-refractory Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease https://bit.ly/3tPFW7DThe authors thank the patients who participated in these studies and their families. ER -