TABLE 3

Single-variable multinomial logistic regression analysis for risk factors associated with tuberculosis cases in molecular clusters of different sizes in London (2010–2014)

Cases in cluster n
23–20>20
Sex
 Female111
 Male0.94 (0.81–1.08)1.07 (0.95–1.19)1.16 (0.99–1.37)#
Age group years
 0–141.79 (1.08–2.97)#2.01 (1.35–2.99)#2.92 (1.82–4.68)#
 15–44111
 45–641.14 (0.95–1.36)#1.07 (0.93–1.23)1.00 (0.81–1.22)#
 ≥650.74 (0.57–0.96)#0.69 (0.57–0.83)#0.47 (0.33–0.65)#
Ethnic group
 White111
 Black-Caribbean2.01 (1.25–3.22)#2.56 (1.77–3.72)#2.92 (1.89–4.50)#
 Black-African1.03 (0.79–1.33)1.12 (0.92–1.37)1.04 (0.81–1.34)#
 Black-Other1.39 (0.72–2.69)1.47 (0.88–2.46)#1.50 (0.79–2.83)#
 Indian0.70 (0.54–0.89)#0.61 (0.50–0.73)#0.31 (0.24–0.40)#
 Pakistani0.79 (0.58–1.08)#0.64 (0.50–0.82)#0.65 (0.47–0.90)#
 Bangladeshi0.40 (0.27–0.60)#0.31 (0.23–0.43)#0.12 (0.06–0.22)#
 Chinese0.58 (0.29–1.16)#0.48 (0.28–0.81)#0.25 (0.10–0.65)#
 Mixed/other0.81 (0.62–1.06)#0.69 (0.56–0.85)#0.41 (0.30–0.55)#
Place of birth
 Non-UK111
 UK1.77 (1.44–2.18)#2.55 (2.18–2.99)#4.11 (3.38–4.99)#
Time since entry to UK years
 0–1111
 2–40.93 (0.73–1.17)0.85 (0.70–1.03)#0.76 (0.56–1.02)#
 5–91.02 (0.80–1.31)1.14 (0.94–1.39)#1.20 (0.89–1.61)
 ≥101.13 (0.90–1.41)1.35 (1.13–1.61)#1.22 (0.93–1.60)#
Occupation
 Other111
 None1.09 (0.92–1.29)1.05 (0.93–1.20)1.54 (1.27–1.86)#
 Education1.10 (0.88–1.37)1.14 (0.97–1.35)#1.54 (1.21–1.96)#
 Healthcare1.08 (0.75–1.54)0.89 (0.67–1.19)0.50 (0.28–0.90)#
Pulmonary disease
 No111
 Yes1.47 (1.28–1.70)#1.58 (1.42–1.77)#1.92 (1.63–2.26)#
Sputum smear
 Negative111
 Positive1.33 (1.11–1.59)#1.40 (1.22–1.61)#1.75 (1.44–2.13)#
Previous diagnosis
 No111
 Yes1.51 (1.09–2.08)#1.50 (1.16–1.93)#1.67 (1.19–2.35)#
Previous treatment
 No111
 Yes3.03 (0.35–26.12)1.20 (0.37–3.86)
Drug resistance
 No111
 Yes1.32 (1.05–1.67)#0.84 (0.68–1.02)#1.95 (1.55–2.46)#
Inpatient
 No111
 Yes1.10 (0.95–1.27)#1.02 (0.91–1.14)1.17 (1.00–1.37)#
Homeless
 No111
 Yes1.47 (1.02–2.12)#1.29 (0.96–1.74)#3.21 (2.33–4.43)#
Drug use
 No111
 Yes1.29 (0.84–1.98)2.21 (1.64–2.98)#5.67 (4.13–7.78)#
Alcohol use
 No111
 Yes1.27 (0.88–1.83)#1.72 (1.32–2.24)#2.32 (1.66–3.25)#
Prison
 No111
 Yes1.32 (0.80–2.19)2.17 (1.52–3.09)#6.22 (4.32–8.95)#
Risk factor count+
 0111
 11.11 (0.83–1.49)1.47 (1.19–1.82)#1.99 (1.51–2.63)#
 21.50 (0.87–2.60)#2.16 (1.44–3.23)#4.84 (3.11–7.52)#
 31.37 (0.60–3.13)2.09 (1.15–3.78)#7.89 (4.43–14.06)#
 49.73 (1.01–93.64)#9.15 (1.10–76.07)#43.53 (5.51–344.20)#
IMD quintile§0.59 (0.54–0.63)#0.86 (0.81–0.91)#0.62 (0.57–0.68)#
  • Data are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% CI). IMD: index of multiple deprivation. #: p<0.2, included in initial multivariable model. : resistance to any first-line antibiotic; +: cumulative number of social risk factors (history of homelessness, illicit drug use, alcohol misuse, imprisonment) reported by each case; §: IMD quintile of Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) within London (lowest is most deprived), included as a continuous variable in multilevel model accounting for random effects of LSOA.