Suggested cutoff values for several parameters and time interval for the interruption of different drugs prior to the most commonly performed procedures during flexible bronchoscopy
| Procedure | Resume therapy after | |||
| BAL | EBB/TBNA/EBUS-TBNA | TBLB | ||
| Patient-related risk factors and contraindications | ||||
| Pulmonary hypertension | No | No | sPAP >50 mmHg or mPAP >30 mmHg | |
| Vena cava syndrome | No | Relative contraindication | ||
| Haemostasis-related risk factors and contraindications | ||||
| Platelets ×109 per L | <20 000 | <75 000 | ||
| INR/PT | No | >1.4 or <60% | ||
| Drugs | ||||
| Heparins | ||||
| UFH prophylactic dose | No | 6-h interval period | Same day | |
| UFH therapeutic dose | No | 6-h interval period | 4–12 h | |
| LWMH prophylactic dose | No | 10–12-h interval period | Same day | |
| LWMH therapeutic dose# | No | 24-h interval period | 4–12 h | |
| Fondaparinux | No | 36–42-h interval period | 4–12 h | |
| Platelet-aggregation inhibitors | ||||
| Acetylsalicylic acid | No | Do not stop | Not stopped | |
| Clopidogrel | No | 5–7 days | 4–12 h | |
| Ticagrelor | No | 5 days | 4–12 h | |
| Prasugrel | No | 7–10 days | 4–12 h | |
| Oral anticoagulants¶ | ||||
| 4-hydroxycoumarin | No | 5 days | 4–12 h | |
| Acenocoumarol | No | 3 days | 4–12 h | |
| Phenprocoumone | No | 8 days | 4–12 h | |
| Oral anticoagulants+ | ||||
| Dabigatran§ | No | 3 days | 4–12 h | |
| Rivaroxaban | No | 2 days | 4–12 h | |
| Apixaban§ | No | 2 days | 4–12 h | |
BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; EBB: endobronchial biopsy; TBNA: transbronchial needle aspiration; EBUS: endobronchial ultrasound; TBLB: transbronchial lung biopsy; INR: international normalised ratio; PT: prothrombin time; UFH: unfractionated heparin; LMWH: low molecular weight heparin; sPAP: systolic pulmonary arterial pressure; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure. #: normal renal function; ¶: coumadine; +: direct thrombin inhibitor and direct factor Xa inhibitor; §: creatinine clearance >30 mL·min−1.