Drugs used during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease episodes and predictive factors related to the use of diuretics
| Drug | Patients | |
| Antibiotics (intravenous) | 86 (77), 58.9% | |
| Nebulised bronchodilators | 99, 67.8% | |
| LABA | 20, 13.7% | |
| LAMA | 16, 10.9% | |
| ICS | 19, 13.0% | |
| Corticosteroids (intravenous) | 104 (96), 71.2% | |
| Diuretics (intravenous) | 118 (59), 80.8% | |
| β-blockers | 52, 35.6% | |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 77, 52.7% | |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 57, 39.0% | |
| Anticoagulants | 42, 28.7% | |
| Statins | 50, 34.2% | |
| Mineral receptor antagonists | 43, 29.4% | |
| Digitalis | 9, 6.0% | |
| Antidiabetic agents (insulin/oral hypoglycaemic drugs) | 29 (17/15), 19.8% | |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 105, 71.9% | |
| Antidepressants | 71, 48.6% | |
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Age | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) | 0.0032 |
| Female sex versus male | 0.94 (0.30–2.92) | 0.9108 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.86 (1.29–2.69) | 0.0009 |
| Anthonisen criteria present versus absent | 0.79 (0.45–1.39) | 0.4067 |
| Radiologic signs of overload present versus absent | 0.57 (0.16–2.07) | 0.3944 |
| Clinical signs of overload present versus absent | 5.19 (1.05–25.62) | 0.0434 |
LABA: long-acting β-agonist; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid.