Socioeconomic factors beyond income
| Low-income smokers (<USD 15 000 per year) | Higher-income smokers (>USD 15 000 per year) | p-value | |
| Education beyond high school | 45 | 77 | <0.0001 |
| Residence | |||
| Own home | 19 | 70 | <0.0001 |
| Rent | 59 | 22 | <0.0001 |
| Lack a permanent home | 5 | 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Have health insurance | 90 | 97 | <0.0001 |
| Access to preventative care | |||
| Get preventative care from doctor/clinic | 88 | 97 | <0.0001 |
| Get preventative care from emergency room | 8 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Do not get preventative care | 4 | 2 | <0.0001 |
| Lack a primary-care physician | 9 | 3 | <0.0001 |
| Have access to internet | 55 | 89 | <0.0001 |
| Exposures | |||
| Worked in a dusty job | 54 | 40 | <0.0001 |
| Worked in a fumes-related job | 49 | 45 | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as %, unless otherwise stated.