TABLE 2

Relationships between exposure to e-cigarette advertisements and ever-use of electronic cigarettes, combustible cigarettes and hookahs

Outcomes (dichotomous) ever-use^#	E-cigarette use^¶	Cigarette use⁺	Hookah use^§	E-cigarette/cigarette use⁺	E-cigarette/hookah use^§	Cigarette/hookah use^ƒ	E-cigarette/cigarette/hookah use^ƒ
Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements	1.6 (1.3–1.8)***	1.2 (1.0–1.4)*	1.4 (1.2–1.7)***	1.6 (1.3–1.9)***	1.7 (1.4–2.0)***	1.4 (1.1–1.7)*	1.7 (1.4–2.1)***
Age	1.5 (1.4–1.5)***	1.4 (1.3–1.5)***	1.2 (1.2–1.4)***	1.5 (1.4–1.6)***	1.5 (1.4–1.6)***	1.4 (1.3–1.5)***	1.5 (1.4–1.6)***
Sex (ref=female)	1.5 (1.3–1.8)***	0.8 (0.7–1.0)*	1.3 (1.1–1.6)*	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	1.4 (1.2–1.7)***	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	1.1 (0.9–1.4)
School type (ref=high)	1.8 (1.4–2.4)***	1.8 (1.3–2.5)***	1.8 (1.4–2.2)***	2.0 (1.5–2.9)***	2.1 (1.6–2.8)***	1.6 (1.1–2.2)*	2.1 (1.4–2.9)***
Migration background (ref=none)	1.2 (0.9–1.4)	0.7 (0.5–0.9)*	2.2 (1.8–2.8)***	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	1.3 (1.0–1.7)*	1.1 (0.8–1.4)	1.0 (0.8–1.3)
Socioeconomic status (ref=low)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	1.0 (0.9–1.0)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	1.1 (1.0–1.2)*	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)
Sensation seeking (ref=low)	1.7 (1.6–1.8)***	1.7 (1.6–1.9)***	1.5 (1.3–1.6)***	1.8 (1.7–2.0)***	1.7 (1.6–1.9)***	1.6 (1.4–1.8)***	1.8 (1.7–2.1)***
Consumer susceptibility (ref=low)	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	1.1 (1.0–1.3)*	1.1 (0.9–1.2)	1.1 (1.0–1.3)*	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	1.1 (0.9–1.2)
E-cigarette use^##		7.6 (6.2–9.3)***	14.9 (12.1–18.5)***			12.6 (9.9–16.0)***
At least one friend vaping e-cigarettes	3.9 (3.1–4.8)***	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	3.5 (2.7–4.7)***	3.6 (2.8–4.7)***	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	3.1 (2.3–4.3)***
At least one friend smoking cigarettes	1.8 (1.5–2.3)***	4.6 (3.6–5.8)***	1.4 (1.1–1.7)***	4.1 (3.0–5.7)***	2.2 (1.7–2.8)***	4.6 (3.2–6.5)***	4.1 (2.8–5.9)***
At least one friend smoking hookahs	2.3 (1.8–2.9)***	1.7 (1.3–2.1)***	6.2 (4.7–8.2)***	2.2 (1.5–3.0)***	4.4 (3.1–6.2)***	5.2 (3.4–7.8)***	5.1 (3.3–8.1)***

Data are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95% CI). ref: reference. ^#: models adjusted for age, sex, migration background, school type, consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence, socioeconomic status, sensation seeking, and e-cigarette use of at least one friend; ^¶: n=6573; ⁺: n=6532; ^§: n=6523; ^ƒ: n=6511; ^##: e-cigarette use was omitted where e-cigarette use was modelled as an outcome. *: p<0.05; ***: p≤0.001; all models allow for nested data (p<0.001).