Only snoring | Only nGOR | Snoring and nGOR | |
Respiratory symptoms OR (95% CI) | |||
Wheeze# | 1.35 (1.08–1.68)* | 1.72 (1.23–2.39)* | 1.47 (0.74–2.92) |
Nocturnal chest tightness# | 1.55 (1.26–1.89)* | 2.03 (1.44–2.85)* | 2.95 (1.63–5.34)* |
Breathlessness at rest# | 1.62 (1.33–1.98)* | 2.00 (1.22–3.25)* | 1.65 (0.85–3.18) |
Breathlessness after effort# | 1.33 (1.04–1.71)* | 1.24 (1.02–1.50)* | 1.88 (1.20–2.95)* |
Nocturnal breathlessness# | 1.78 (1.35–2.37)* | 2.18 (1.40–3.39)* | 3.20 (2.17–4.72)* |
Nocturnal cough# | 1.42 (1.19–1.70)* | 2.14 (1.52–3.01)* | 2.68 (1.75–4.10)* |
Morning cough# | 1.36 (1.09–1.70)* | 2.31 (1.62–3.28)* | 1.50 (0.69–3.25) |
Morning phlegm# | 1.44 (1.10–1.88)* | 1.45 (1.03–2.04)* | 3.75 (2.40–5.84)* |
Spirometry data estimate (95% CI) | |||
Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 % pred¶ | −1.62 (−3.15– −0.88)* | −1.70 (−3.85–0.45) | −1.11 (−5.07–2.86) |
Pre-bronchodilator FVC % pred¶ | −1.44 (−2.78– −0.10)* | −1.37 (−3.86–1.12) | 0.42 (−3.17–4.01) |
Pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC+ | −0.16 (−0.64–0.31) | 0.26 (−0.30–0.82) | −0.44 (−2.11–1.24) |
Post-bronchodilator FEV1 % pred¶ | −1.01 (−2.54–0.51) | −1.54 (−3.53–0.46) | −0.64 (−5.63–4.36) |
Post-bronchodilator FVC % pred¶ | −0.90 (−2.23–0.43) | −1.23 (−3.52–1.06) | −0.19 (−3.52–3.30) |
Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC+ | −0.19 (−0.72–0.35) | 0.16 (−0.78–1.11) | −0.59 (−3.09–1.91) |
Reversibility of FEV1 %+ | 0.43 (0.05–0.81)* | 0.39 (−0.33–1.10) | 0.28 (−0.88–1.44) |
Without snoring or nGOR as reference group. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity. #: adjusted for body mass index (BMI), current smoking status, pack-years, sex, age and centre; ¶: adjusted for BMI, pack-years and centre; +: adjusted for BMI, pack-years, sex, age and centre. *: p<0.05.