Cognitive function assessment before and after the pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme in the 24 lung transplantation recipients
| Domain-specific evaluation | Pre-PR | Post-PR | Mean difference | ES | p-value |
| Memory ability | |||||
| WMS Logical Memory I score | 11.0±2.7 | 12.9±2.4 | 1.9±2.7 | 0.76 | 0.004 |
| WMS Logical Memory II score | 9.7±3.0 | 11.9±3.8 | 2.2±2.9 | 0.66 | 0.003 |
| CVLT Free recall: list 1 score | 30.4±28.2 | 51.7±34.7 | 21.3±28.5 | 0.69 | 0.003 |
| CVLT Free recall: list 2 score | 33.3±31.1 | 47.8±34.1 | 14.5±26.0 | 0.45 | 0.022 |
| CVLT Recall with help: list 1 score | 38.7±26.6 | 50.9±33.6 | 12.2±31.6 | 0.41 | ns |
| CVLT Recall with help: list 2 score | 38.5±28.7 | 50.7±30.9 | 12.2±23.9 | 0.42 | 0.034 |
| CVLT Repeating errors score | 68.6±21.8 | 70.9±27.5 | 2.3±26.4 | 0.09 | ns |
| Composite score | 32.7±29.2 | 42.1±33.6 | 9.3±23.6 | 0.31 | 0.001 |
| Learning skills | |||||
| CVLT Learning ability % | 33.4±31.8 | 57.1±33.9 | 23.7±28.2 | 0.74 | 0.020 |
| CVLT Passage 1 % | 32.1±23.4 | 61.0±34.2 | 28.9±34.9 | 1.00 | 0.001 |
| CVLT Passage 5 % | 20.8±25.4 | 40.3±34.6 | 19.5±24.2 | 0.66 | 0.001 |
| CVLT List B % | 23.0±28.4 | 25.6±22.0 | 2.6±28.2 | 0.10 | ns |
| Composite score | 27.5±27.5 | 46.4±34.2 | 18.9±30.4 | 0.62 | 0.001 |
| Attention and flexibility | |||||
| TAP Speed/accuracy % | 56.2±31.5 | 56.5±32.9 | 0.3±27.6 | 0.01 | ns |
| TAP Shared attention ability % | 50.4±28.3 | 45.8±28.9 | −4.6±33.0 | 0.16 | ns |
| Composite score | 54.1±29.8 | 51.3±31.1 | −2.8±30.1 | 0.09 | ns |
| Visuospatial and processing speed | |||||
| TMT-A score | 42.8±14.9 | 38.3±20.1 | −4.5±27.9 | 0.26 | ns |
| TMT-B score | 99.0±52.2 | 84.9±35.2 | −14.1±36.9 | 0.32 | ns |
| Composite score | 70.9±47.4 | 61.6±36.9 | −9.3±32.7 | 0.22 | ns |
| Visuospatial and praxis ability | |||||
| CDT Clock test score | 13.1±1.2 | 13.1±1.3 | 0.0±0.7 | 0.01 | ns |
| Psychomotor speed | |||||
| Stroop colour-word read points | 48.5±7.5 | 51.3±7.7 | 2.8±4.9 | 0.38 | 0.015 |
| Stroop colour recognition points | 54.4±8.1 | 57.4±9.3 | 3.0±6.0 | 0.35 | 0.027 |
| Stroop interference points | 55.0±9.7 | 55.3±9.3 | 0.3±7.7 | 0.03 | ns |
| Composite score | 52.6±8.8 | 54.6±9.0 | 2.0±6.3 | 0.23 | 0.012 |
| Behavioural activation | |||||
| BADS version 1 score | 6.8±1.6 | 6.1±1.6 | −0.7±2.6 | 0.42 | ns |
| BADS version 2 score | 7.6±0.7 | 7.6±0.7 | −0.0±0.9 | 0.01 | ns |
| Composite score | 7.1±1.3 | 6.8±1.4 | −0.3±1.9 | 0.23 | ns |
Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. ES: effect size; WMS: Wechsler Memory Scales IV; CVLT: California Verbal Learning Test; TAP: Test of Attentional Performance; TMT: Trail Making Test; CDT: Clock-Drawing Test; BADS: Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome. Positive values (better scores) determine improvement for memory ability, learning skills, psychomotor speed (points) and visuospatial/praxis ability, while negative values (faster responses) determine improvement (expressed as positive ES) for behavioural activation, visuospatial and processing speed, and attention/flexibility. Level of significance was set at p≤0.05; ns: nonsignificant.