Variables | Atypical antipsychotics (N=5513) | No atypical antipsychotics (N=5513) | p-value | Standardised difference |
Age groups | 0.6 | 0.02 | ||
65–74 years | 2024 (36.7%) | 2011 (36.5%) | ||
75–84 years | 2427 (44.0%) | 2382 (43.2%) | ||
85–94 years | 1031 (18.7%) | 1085 (19.7%) | ||
95 years and above | 31 (0.6%) | 35 (0.6%) | ||
Men | 5404 (98.0%) | 5399 (97.9%) | 0.7 | −0.006 |
White | 4485 (81.4%) | 4454 (81.0%) | 0.5 | −0.01 |
Black | 641 (11.6%) | 678 (12.3%) | 0.3 | 0.02 |
Hispanic | 685 (12.4%) | 684 (12.4%) | 0.9 | −0.0005 |
Nursing home residence | 165 (3.0%) | 153 (2.8%) | 0.5 | −0.01 |
VA priority group | 0.4 | −0.02 | ||
Group 1 | 1876 (34.0%) | 1895 (34.4%) | ||
Groups 2–6 | 3303 (60.0%) | 3318 (60.2%) | ||
Groups 7–8 | 334 (6.0%) | 300 (5.4%) | ||
Primary care visits in the year prior | 5.4±5.1 | 5.4±4.6 | 0.6 | −0.01 |
Intensive care unit admission | 867 (15.7%) | 837 (15.2%) | 0.4 | −0.02 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 333 (6.0%) | 341 (6.2%) | 0.8 | 0.006 |
Vasopressors | 275 (5.0%) | 280 (5.1%) | 0.8 | 0.004 |
Inpatient guideline concordant antibiotics# | 4334 (78.6%) | 4343 (78.8%) | 0.8 | 0.004 |
Tobacco use/cessation | 2330 (42.3%) | 2278 (41.3%) | 0.3 | −0.02 |
Alcohol abuse | 504 (9.1%) | 499 (9.1%) | 0.9 | −0.003 |
Illicit drug abuse | 219 (4.0%) | 203 (3.7%) | 0.4 | −0.02 |
Myocardial infarction | 375 (6.8%) | 395 (7.2%) | 0.5 | 0.01 |
Heart failure | 1221 (22.2%) | 1251 (22.7%) | 0.5 | 0.01 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 737 (13.4%) | 756 (13.7%) | 0.6 | 0.01 |
COPD | 2567 (46.6%) | 2515 (45.6%) | 0.3 | −0.01 |
Stroke | 1367 (24.8%) | 1406 (25.5%) | 0.4 | 0.01 |
Rheumatologic disease | 93 (1.7%) | 102 (1.9%) | 0.5 | 0.002 |
Mild liver disease | 47 (0.9%) | 40 (0.7%) | 0.5 | −0.003 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 178 (3.2%) | 180 (3.3%) | 0.9 | 0.002 |
Dementia | 1146 (21.0%) | 1111 (20.1%) | 0.4 | −0.01 |
Diabetes | 1827 (33.1%) | 1845 (33.5%) | 0.7 | 0.007 |
Diabetes with complications | 554 (10.1%) | 572 (10.4%) | 0.6 | 0.01 |
Moderate liver disease | 21 (0.4%) | 20 (0.4%) | 0.9 | −0.01 |
Renal disease | 782 (14.2%) | 804 (14.6%) | 0.6 | −0.009 |
Any prior malignancy | 996 (18.1%) | 977 (17.7%) | 0.6 | −0.009 |
Metastatic solid tumour | 148 (2.7%) | 250 (2.7%) | 0.9 | 0.002 |
Hematologic malignancy | 77 (1.4%) | 73 (1.3%) | 0.7 | −0.006 |
HIV | 4 (0.1%) | 4 (0.1%) | 1.0 | 0.00 |
Psychiatric conditions¶ | 1.09±0.98 | 1.10±1.0 | 0.33 | 0.02 |
Prior outpatient antibiotics | 1445 (26.2%) | 1458 (26.5%) | 0.8 | 0.005 |
Antidepressants | 3049 (55.3%) | 2922 (53.0%) | 0.1 | −0.04 |
Lithium | 49 (0.9%) | 46 (0.8%) | 0.8 | −0.006 |
Statins | 1935 (35.0%) | 1968 (35.5%) | 0.4 | 0.01 |
ARB | 226 (4.1%) | 220 (4.0%) | 0.99 | −0.004 |
ACE inhibitors | 1745 (31.6%) | 1768 (32.0%) | 0.9 | 0.009 |
Antiarrhythmics | 133 (2.4%) | 137 (2.5%) | 0.6 | 0.006 |
Β-blockers | 1910 (34.6%) | 1851 (33.6%) | 0.4 | −0.02 |
Calcium channel blockers | 1255 (22.8%) | 1261 (22.9%) | 0.7 | 0.002 |
Oral antidiabetics | 654 (11.9%) | 608 (11.0%) | 0.2 | −0.02 |
Other lipid-lowering medications | 244 (0.05%) | 252 (0.05%) | 0.8 | 0.007 |
Other antihypertensive medications | 1206 (21.9%) | 1207 (21.9%) | 0.8 | −0.002 |
Inhaled β-agonists | 1670 (30.2%) | 1603 (29.0%) | 0.1 | −0.008 |
Other inhaled medications | 1617 (29.3%) | 1575 (28.1%) | 0.4 | −0.0003 |
Theophylline | 93 (1.7%) | 89 (1.6%) | 0.8 | −0.006 |
Data are presented as mean±sd or n (%) unless otherwise stated. VA: Dept of Veterans Affairs; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme. #: concordant with 2007 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for community-acquired pneumonia [26]. ¶: Selim psychiatric conditions.