Population characteristics
| Control | PAH | CTEPH | PH-HFpEF | PH-HFrEF | Non-PH-HF | |
| Subjects n (% female) | 20 (55) | 48 (83) | 20 (65) | 33 (64) | 36 (19) | 15 (53) |
| Age years | 41 (26.8–50.5) | 71.5 (64.0–76.0) | 75 (70.8–77.8) | 75.0 (68.5–83.0) | 54.0 (47.3–59.5) | 60.0 (46.0–76.0) |
| BSA m2 | 1.9 (1.8–2.0) | 1.7 (1.6–2.0) | 1.8 (1.8–2.0) | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) | 2.0 (1.9–2.1) | 2.0 (1.7–2.1) |
| mAP mmHg | 89.0 (95.0–100.0) | 96.0 (89.4–104.0) | 98.5 (94.0–110.3) | 98.0 (91.5–104.5) | 79.5 (75.3–88.8) | 89.0 (80.0–96.0) |
| mPAP mmHg | 43.0 (37.0–54.8) | 42.0 (35.0–54.3) | 34.0 (28.5–46.0) | 34.5 (29.0–40.8) | 20.0 (17.0–22.0) | |
| PAWP mmHg | 8.0 (6.0–11.0) | 9.5 (7.0–13.0) | 18.0 (16.0–22.5) | 25.0 (19.0–28.0) | 15.0 (9.0–18.0) | |
| mRAP mmHg | 7.0 (4.0–11.0) | 5.5 (3.3–8.0) | 10.0 (6.5–14.0) | 14.5 (9.0–17.0) | 6.0 (2.0–16.0) | |
| CI L·min−1·m−2 | 2.2 (1.8–2.8) | 2.3 (1.9–2.5) | 2.4 (2.1–2.8) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | |
| PVR WU | 9.5 (6.2–11.8) | 9.3 (5.9–10.8) | 3.6 (2.4–4.9) | 3.0 (2.3–3.7) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | |
| LVSWI mmHg·mL·m−2 | 2488.0 (2045.0–3213.0) | 2508.0 (2330.0–3187.0) | 2664 (2189.0–3308.0) | 1152.0 (957.0–1636.0) | 2168.0 (1650.0–2716.0) | |
| RVSWI mmHg·mL·m−2 | 990.5 (807.2–1246.0) | 1111.0 (844.5–1298.0) | 831.5 (670.7–1140.0) | 439.6 (305.8–649.3) | 382.4 (195.5–494.5) | |
| SvO2 % | 60.5 (51.6–66.6) | 62.5 (54.9–67.9) | 64.1 (57.8–66.8) | 50.3 (46.5–55.2) | 61.2 (58.5–69.2) | |
| NT-proBNP AU | 3.1 (2.1–3.8) | 2.6 (1.0–4.2) | 2.9 (2.4–3.3) | 4.9 (4.1–5.4) | 3.2 (1.3–4.4) | |
| Creatinine μmol·L−1 | 90.0 (70.8–113.5) | 88.0 (73.0–122.5) | 99.0 (79.0–117.0) | 121.0 (90.0–145.0) | 93.0 (80.5–123.0) | |
| Hypertension | 17 (35) | 11 (55) | 22 (67) | 7 (19) | 7 (47) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (25) | 0 (0) | 11 (33) | 4 (11) | 3 (20) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 (8) | 3 (15) | 25 (76) | 15 (42) | 8 (53) | |
| Stroke | 2 (4) | 1 (5) | 6 (18) | 4 (11) | 2 (13) | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 7 (15) | 1 (5) | 6 (18) | 6 (17) | 6 (40) | |
| Thyroid disease | 11 (23) | 1 (5) | 2 (6) | 3 (8) | 3 (20) | |
| ACEi | 10 (21) | 2 (10) | 12 (36) | 19 (53) | 3 (20) | |
| β-blockers | 16 (33) | 9 (45) | 25 (76) | 35 (97) | 11 (73) | |
| ARB | 4 (8) | 7 (35) | 10 (30) | 14 (39) | 5 (33) | |
| MRA | 11 (23) | 3 (15) | 9 (27) | 21 (58) | 7 (47) |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%), unless otherwise stated. PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; CTEPH: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; PH-HFpEF: pulmonary hypertension due to diastolic heart failure (preserved ejection fraction); PH-HFrEF: pulmonary hypertension due to systolic heart failure (reduced ejection fraction); non-PH-HF: heart failure without pulmonary hypertension; BSA: body surface area; mAP: mean arterial pressure; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; mRAP: mean right atrial pressure; CI: cardiac index; SV: stroke volume; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; WU: Wood Units; LVSWI: left ventricular stroke work index; RVSWI: right ventricular stroke work index; SvO2: mixed venous oxygen saturation; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; AU: arbitrary units; ACEi: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.