Participant characteristics
| Cystic fibrosis | Healthy | p-value | |
| Age years | 11.1±3.97 | 10.9±3.59 | 0.78 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 17.9±3.72 | 18.3±3.13 | 0.52 |
| Males | 32 (61.5%) | 28 (57.1%) | 0.65 |
| FEV1 z-score | −0.46±1.49 | −0.19±0.88 | 0.28 |
| FVC z-score | −0.12±1.22 | 0.06±0.91 | 0.42 |
| RV/TLC % | 34.3±7.72 | NA | |
| LCI | 9.41±2.08 | NA | |
| Residual CFTR function# | 6 (11.5%) | NA | |
| Pancreatic sufficiency# | 2 (3.8%) | NA | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa#,¶ | 8 (15.4%) | NA | |
| Staphylococcus aureus#,¶ | 37 (71.2%) | NA | |
| Haemophilus influenzae#,¶ | 17 (32.7%) | NA | |
| Haemophilus parainfluenzae#,¶ | 11 (21.2%) | NA | |
| Aspergillus fumigatus#,¶ | 5 (9.6%) | NA | |
| Inhalation of salbutamol# | 33 (63.5%) | NA | |
| Inhalation of terbutaline# | 10 (19.2%) | NA | |
| Inhalation of dornase α# | 20 (38.5%) | NA | |
| Inhaled tobramycin# | 6 (11.5%) | NA | |
| Inhaled hypertonic saline 3% or 6%# | 50 (96.0%) | NA | |
| Oral antibiotics#,+ | 2 (3.8%) | NA | |
| Pancreatic enzymes#,§ | 50 (96.0%) | NA | |
| Fat-soluble vitamins#,ƒ | 50 (96.0%) | NA | |
| Nasal steroid# | 14 (26.9%) | NA | |
| Oral ursodeoxycholic acid# | 21 (40.4%) | NA | |
| Oral H2 antagonist# | 15 (28.8%) | NA |
Data are presented as mean±sd unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; RV: residual volume; TLC: total lung capacity; LCI: lung clearance index; CFTR: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. #: presented as n (% within cystic fibrosis group). ¶: positive sputum or throat swab cultures at the time of study. +: co-amoxicillin, n=1; azithromycin, n=1. §: pancrelipase. ƒ: A, D, E and K.