Multivariable Cox regression model showing the adjusted hazard ratio for the change in ADO (age, dyspnoea, airflow obstruction) score (calculated within each individual) per year and mortality (n=4793)
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Change in ADO score over time (per 1 point increase per year) | 2.00 (1.59–2.52) | <0.001 |
| Baseline ADO Score (per 1 point increase) | 1.28 (1.10–1.50) | 0.002 |
| Age at baseline (per 1 year increase) | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 0.074 |
| mMRC at baseline (per 1 point increase) | 1.18 (1.03–1.36) | 0.017 |
| FEV1 % pred (per 1 percentage point increase) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.277 |
| Number of ADO measurements (per measurement) | 0.79 (0.65–0.95) | 0.010 |
| Female sex | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) | 0.262 |
| BMI category# | ||
| Underweight | 1.71 (1.16–2.51) | 0.006 |
| Normal | Reference | |
| Overweight | 0.63 (0.49–0.80) | <0.001 |
| Obese | 0.62 (0.47–0.83) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status# | ||
| Never-smoker | Reference | |
| Ex-smoker | 1.08 (0.79–1.48) | 0.626 |
| Current smoker | 1.27 (0.87–1.83) | 0.148 |
| Presence of heart failure# | 1.60 (1.19–2.14) | 0.002 |
| Presence of ischaemic heart disease# | 1.26 (1.00–1.58) | 0.054 |
| Presence of diabetes mellitus# | 0.98 (0.74–1.30) | 0.873 |
| Presence of TIA, stroke or PAD# | 1.24 (0.97–1.58) | 0.092 |
| Presence of asthma# | 1.01 (0.82–1.26) | 0.898 |
mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; BMI: body mass index; TIA: transient ischaemic attack; PAD: peripheral arterial disease. The proportional hazards assumption for serial ADO scores was not violated (p=0.7214). The median (interquartile range) time between the first and final ADO score was 3.54 (2.71–4.45) years. #: most recent status prior to the last ADO score measurement.