TABLE 2

Associations of biomarkers, forced vital capacity, ILA, and all-cause and ILD-specific mortality with HAA in examined lung regions

	Basilar		Non-basilar		Peel		Core		Basilar peel		Basilar core
	Change per doubling HAA %	p-value	Change per doubling HAA %	p-value	Change per doubling HAA %	p-value	Change per doubling HAA %	p-value	Change per doubling HAA %	p-value	Change per doubling HAA %	p-value
MMP-7	6.6 (2.6–10.8)	0.001	6.4 (2.5–10.4)	0.001	5.9 (2.2–9.8)	0.002	10.3 (4.7–16.3)	<0.001	5.8 (2.2–9.6)	0.002	3.8 (0.8–7.0)	0.01
IL-6	4.9 (1.5–8.4)	0.005	10.3 (6.5–14.2)	<0.001	7.3 (4.0–10.6)	<0.001	9.1 (4.0–14.4)	<0.001	5.5 (2.4–8.6)	<0.001	1.5 (−0.9–4.0)	0.220
SP-A	4.9 (−1.1–11.3)	0.113	2.7 (−3.0–8.8)	0.362	5.2 (−0.5–11.1)	0.073	8.7 (0.2–17.8)	0.04	4.2 (−1.3–10.0)	0.140	−0.1 (−4.7–4.8)	0.973
	Change per doubling HAA mL	p-value	Change per doubling HAA mL	p-value	Change per doubling HAA mL	p-value	Change per doubling HAA mL	p-value	Change per doubling HAA mL	p-value	Change per doubling HAA mL	p-value
FVC	−28 (−57–0)	0.051	−113 (−151–−75)	<0.001	−26 (−58–5)	0.099	−186 (−226–−145)	<0.001	−15 (−42–12)	0.226	−115 (−142–−88)	<0.001
	OR per doubling HAA	p-value	OR per doubling HAA	p-value	OR per doubling HAA	p-value	OR per doubling HAA	p-value	OR per doubling HAA	p-value	OR per doubling HAA	p-value
ILA	2.20 (1.66–2.90)	<0.001	1.54 (1.17–2.02)	0.002	1.79 (1.40–2.30)	<0.001	1.52 (1.04–2.24)	0.03	1.87 (1.45–2.39)	<0.001	1.42 (1.14–1.76)	0.001
	Hazard ratio per doubling HAA	p Value	Hazard ratio per doubling HAA	p Value	Hazard ratio per doubling HAA	p Value	Hazard ratio per doubling HAA	p Value	Hazard ratio per doubling HAA	p Value	Hazard ratio per doubling HAA	p Value
All-cause mortality	1.25 (1.10–1.42)	<0.001	1.47 (1.29–1.66)	<0.001	1.41 (1.26–1.58)	<0.001	1.35 (1.13–1.62)	0.001	1.21 (1.08–1.36)	0.001	1.20 (1.09–1.32)	<0.001
ILD mortality^#	3.98 (2.10–7.55)	<0.001	3.44 (2.13–5.56)	<0.001	3.94 (2.36–6.56)	<0.001	3.30 (1.83–5.93)	<0.001	3.89 (2.08–7.29)	<0.001	1.83 (0.97–3.46)	0.061

Data are presented as mean (95% CI). All analyses adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, smoking status, pack–years, educational attainment, renal function, total volume of imaged lung (not in FVC analysis), percentage emphysema, mA dose and study site. HAA: high attenuation areas; MMP-7: matrix metalloproteinase-7; IL-6: interleukin-6; SP-A: surfactant protein-A; FVC: forced vital capacity; ILA: interstitial lung abnormalities. ^#: Adjusted for generalised propensity score, which includes age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, waist circumference, smoking status, pack-years, educational attainment, renal function, total volume of imaged lung, percentage emphysema, mA dose, study site, alcohol use, total intentional exercise (metabolic equivalent min·wk⁻¹), coronary artery calcium, diabetes medication use, insulin use, fasting glucose, hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cholesterol medication use, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, C-reactive protein, d-dimer and cancer history.