Characteristics of patients stratified by sex
| Characteristic | Male | Female | p-value |
| Participants n | 32 | 39 | |
| Dementia type n | |||
| Control | 14 | 8 | |
| AD | 9 | 21 | |
| DLB | 9 | 10 | |
| Age years | 76.47±8.27 | 80.24±5.62 | 0.02 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 22.10±3.20 | 21.31±3.24 | 0.34 |
| Brinkman Index | 413.40±430.78 | 13.57±44.28 | <0.01 |
| MMSE score | 23.19±6.19 | 20.81±5.45 | 0.06 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 105.71±27.30 | 114.57±30.95 | 0.19 |
| FVC % predicted | 91.36±18.93 | 91.66±24.46 | 0.68 |
| FEV1/FVC % | 75.56±10.80 | 80.21±13.24 | 0.04 |
| FEV1/FVC % predicted | 118.91±15.86 | 112.50±18.58 | 0.1 |
| pH | 7.41±0.03 | 7.41±0.02 | 0.92 |
| PaO2 mmHg | 86.94±13.74 | 87.72±7.95 | 0.39 |
| PaCO2 mmHg | 39.10±3.90 | 39.86±3.40 | 0.58 |
| HCO3− mmol·L−1 | 24.48±2.76 | 24.97±2.20 | 0.34 |
Data are presented as mean±sd unless otherwise stated and were analysed using the Mann–Whitney test. p-Values in bold express significant difference (p<0.05). AD: Alzheimer's disease; DLB: dementia with Lewy bodies; BMI: body mass index; MMSE: mini mental state examination; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; PaO2: arterial oxygen tension; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension.