The demographic and clinical factors associated with nonstandard treatment
| Variable | Total patients with standard and nonstandard treatment (N=15 431) | Patients with nonstandard treatment (N=8460) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Males | 4197 | 2359 (56.2%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Females | 11 234 | 6101 (54.3%) | 0.93 (0.86–0.99) | 0.035 | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 0.640 |
| Age years | ||||||
| 40–49 | 520 | 209 (40.2%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 50–59 | 1798 | 816 (45.4%) | 1.24 (1.01–1.51) | 0.036 | 1.23 (1.01–1.5) | 0.044 |
| 60–69 | 4444 | 2188 (49.2%) | 1.44 (1.2–1.74) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.18–1.71) | <0.001 |
| 70–79 | 5568 | 3162 (56.8%) | 1.96 (1.63–2.35) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.6–2.31) | <0.001 |
| ≥80 | 3101 | 2085 (67.2%) | 3.05 (2.52–3.7) | <0.001 | 3.01 (2.49–3.65) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | ||||||
| No | 13 998 | 7591 (54.2%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1433 | 869 (60.6%) | 1.30 (1.16–1.45) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.21–1.53) | <0.001 |
| Bronchiectasis | ||||||
| No | 11 664 | 6380 (54.7%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 3767 | 2080 (55.2%) | 1.02 (0.95–1.1) | 0.579 | 1.02 (0.95–1.1) | 0.618 |
| COPD | ||||||
| No | 14 350 | 7783 (54.2%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1081 | 677 (62.6%) | 1.41 (1.24–1.61) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.14–1.49) | <0.001 |
| Sequelae of pulmonary TB | ||||||
| No | 14 628 | 7988 (54.6%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 803 | 472 (58.8%) | 1.19 (1.03–1.37) | 0.021 | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 0.828 |
| Interstitial pneumonia | ||||||
| No | 14 038 | 7655 (54.5%) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1393 | 805 (57.8%) | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 0.020 | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | 0.732 |
Patients who did not receive treatment were excluded from the regression analysis. International Classification of Diseases 10 codes for aspergillosis (B487, B449 and B441), rheumatoid arthritis (M0510, M0530, M0590, M0600, M0690, M0691, M0692, M0693, M0694, M0695, M0696, M0697, M0698 and M0800), bronchiectasis (J47, A162 and Q334), COPD (J449), sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (B909), lung cancer (C340, C341, C342, C343, C349, C780, C795 and Z122), interstitial pneumonia (J704, J841, J849, M0510, M330, M321, M332 and M351) and diabetes mellitus (E10 and E11). To ensure the specificity of comorbidities, a comorbidity was identified when at least five associated claims were made. aOR: adjusted odds ratio; Ref.: reference. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.