Patient safety

Relative contraindication

Activities to avoid

Medication withhold times

Within-test feedback for achieving full exhalation

Equipment complies with ISO standard

Error tolerances of ±2.5%

Measurement of inspiration and expiration

Revised calibration verification checks

Introduced warning messages

Required to complete competency assessments

Operators should have adequate training to perform spirometry

Tidal breathing prior to rapid inspiration to maximal lung volume

Full expiration with maximal effort

Maximal inspiration back to maximal lung volume

End of forced expiration criteria requires a plateau and maximum exhalation time of 15 s

Minimum of 6 s expiratory time removed

Acceptability and reproducibility criteria

Methodology for bronchodilator response testing

Updated definitions and criteria for analysis of manoeuvres

Standardised cues, feedback and warnings to operator

Use of the ATS standardised report [12]

Data storage and electronic patient records to comply with data protection