Difference in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (mL) and FEV1/FVC (%) at first follow-up per sex-specific quartile of difference between hormone level measured at baseline (2006–2010) and first follow-up (2012–2013)
| Δ Hormonal measure¶ | Men | Women | ||||
| n=#1907 | n=#1764 | |||||
| FEV1 (mL) | FVC (mL) | FEV1/FVC (%) | FEV1 (mL) | FVC (mL) | FEV1/FVC (%) | |
| FAI | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | −30.53 (−77.63 to 16.58) | −27.78 (−86.95 to 31.39) | −0.10 (−0.54 to 0.33) | −46.31 (−81.28 to −11.34) | −66.27 (−109.57 to −22.97) | 0.15 (−0.38 to 0.67) |
| Quartile 3 | −20.06 (−69.03 to 28.91) | −27.32 (−88.83 to 34.20) | 0.12 (−0.33 to 0.58) | −38.76 (−74.35 to −3.16) | −37.74 (−81.83 to 6.36) | −0.33 (−0.87 to 0.20) |
| Quartile 4 | −8.98 (−58.11 to 40.14) | −20.27 (−81.97 to 41.44) | 0.18 (−0.28 to 0.63) | −34.46 (−68.74 to −0.18) | −54.10 (−96.55 to −11.64) | 0.18 (−0.33 to 0.69) |
| cFT | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 7.73 (−38.78 to 54.25) | −2.94 (−61.35 to 55.47) | 0.24 (−0.19 to 0.67) | −42.23 (−76.75 to −7.71) | −62.44 (−105.21 to −19.67) | 0.20 (−0.32 to 0.72) |
| Quartile 3 | −7.17 (−55.07 to 40.73) | −14.06 (−74.23 to 46.10) | 0.16 (−0.28 to 0.61) | −36.58 (−71.86 to −1.30) | −35.80 (−79.51 to 7.91) | −0.28 (−0.81 to 0.25) |
| Quartile 4 | 29.54 (−20.68 to 79.77) | 24.31 (−38.78 to 87.39) | 0.29 (−0.18 to 0.75) | −31.92 (−66.52 to 2.68) | −46.52 (−89.39 to −3.66) | 0.07 (−0.45 to 0.59) |
| SHBG | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 17.98 (−28.46 to 64.41) | 47.44 (−10.67 to 105.55) | −0.43 (−0.85 to 0.00) | −27.56 (−61.83 to 6.72) | −9.55 (−51.94 to 32.85) | −0.65 (−1.16 to −0.14) |
| Quartile 3 | 32.56 (−13.43 to 78.55) | 69.56 (11.92 to 127.20) | −0.46 (−0.89 to −0.04) | −29.71 (−64.08 to 4.66) | −7.96 (−50.43 to 34.50) | −0.77 (−1.29 to −0.26) |
| Quartile 4 | 47.47 (2.36 to 92.59) | 89.06 (32.56 to 145.57) | −0.47 (−0.89 to −0.06) | 9.02 (−24.37 to 42.42) | 59.30 (17.97 to 100.62) | −1.18 (−1.68 to −0.68) |
All results are expressed in millilitres (mL) for average changes in FEV1 and FVC levels and as percentages (%) for the FEV1/FVC ratio, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Participants with hormonal biomarker measurements at both time points and high-quality spirometry available at first follow-up. Simple linear regression model adjusted for age, age2, standing height, body mass index, smoking status, pack-years, Townsend deprivation score, days per week of moderate physical activity, fresh fruit intake at baseline, lung function parameter at baseline, hormonal marker measurement at baseline and difference between time of appointment at baseline and follow-up. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; FAI: free androgen index; cFT: calculated free testosterone; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; TT: total testosterone. #: Numbers of participants with no covariates missing for the adjusted model; ¶: the reference is the lowest quartile which captures individuals with the greatest decrease in hormone measurement between T0 and T1 while the upper quartile represents those with the greatest increase over time. Difference Δ is calculated as T1−T0. Bold text indicates a 95% CI not overlapping 0.