Hormonal measure | Men | Women | ||||
n=4252# | n=4616# | |||||
FEV1 mL | FVC mL | FEV1/FVC % | FEV1 mL | FVC mL | FEV1/FVC % | |
TT | 27.56 (5.43 to 49.68) | 48.06 (22.07 to 74.06) | −0.18 (−0.42 to 0.07) | 4.22 (−6.60 to 15.04) | 1.51 (−11.67 to 14.70) | 0.08 (−0.06 to 0.22) |
FAI | −3.20 (−21.86 to 15.47) | −15.47 (−37.41 to 6.47) | 0.17 (−0.04 to 0.38) | −7. 67 (−15.72 to 0.37) | −12.47 (−22.27 to −2.67) | 0.05 (−0.06 to 0.15) |
cFT | 8.42 (−11.26 to 28.10) | 8.10 (−15.04 to 31.24) | 0.03 (−0.18 to 0.25) | −7.15 (−17.68 to 3.38) | −12.27 (−25.10 to 0.55) | 0.05 (−0.08 to 0.19) |
SHBG | 26.74 (3.81 to 49.68) | 57.76 (30.83 to 84.69) | −0.33 (−0.58 to −0.07) | 16.83 (2.18 to 31.48) | 28.87 (11.03 to 46.71) | −0.11 (−0.30 to 0.07) |
All results are expressed in millilitres (mL) for average changes in FEV1 and FVC levels and as percentages (%) for the FEV1/FVC ratio, with corresponding 95% CI. Participants with hormonal biomarker measurements and high-quality spirometry available at both time points. Linear regression model adjusted for age, age2, standing height, body mass index, smoking status, pack-years, Townsend deprivation score, days per week of moderate physical activity, fresh fruit intake and time of appointment. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; TT: total testosterone; FAI: free androgen index; cFT: calculated free testosterone; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin. #: numbers of participants with no covariates missing for the adjusted model. Bold text indicates a 95% CI not overlapping 0.