TABLE 2

Haemoptysis and aetiologies

ModerateSevereTotal
Patients92 (55.8%)73 (44.2%)165 (100%)
Aetiologies
 Lung cancer20 (21.7%)30 (41.7%)50 (30.3%)
 Bronchiectasis24 (26.1%)11 (15.1%)35 (21.2%)
 Idiopathic21 (22.8%)12 (16.4%)33 (20.0%)
 Cystic fibrosis-related bronchiectasis5 (5.4%)6 (8.2%)11 (6.7%)
 Lower respiratory tract infection5 (5.4%)2 (2.8%)7 (4.2%)
 Iatrogenic5 (5.4%)1 (1.4%)6 (3.6%)
 Pulmonary embolism4 (4.4%)2 (2.8%)6 (3.6%)
Others

  •  Arteriovenous malformation

2 (2.2%)3 (4.1%)5 (3.0%)

  •  Pulmonary oedema

2 (2.2%)1 (1.4%)3 (1.8%)

  •  Aspergilloma

1 (1.1%)1 (1.4%)2 (1.2%)

  •  Tuberculosis

1 (1.1%)1 (1.4%)2 (1.2%)

  •  Vasculitis

1 (1.1%)01 (0.6%)

  •  Arterio-bronchial fistula

01 (1.4%)1 (0.6%)

  •  Granulomatous disease

01 (1.4%)1 (0.6%)

  •  Lymphoma

01 (1.4%)1 (0.6%)

  •  Pulmonary hypertension

1 (1.1%)01 (0.6%)
Median volume in 24 h mL98316187
Duration of active haemoptysis
 <8 h12 (13.0%)18 (24.7%)30 (18.2%)
 8–24 h20 (21.7%)25 (34.2%)45 (27.3%)
 24–48 h18 (19.6%)9 (12.3%)27 (16.4%)
 >48 h42 (45.7%)21 (28.9%)63 (38.2%)