TABLE 1

Characteristics of the included studies

First author [ref.]YearParticipants nMean age (sd)Male %Prevalence of MPE %Study designCountryStudy setting
Yang [16]199232054 (16)5935Prospective cohortChinaUniversity hospital
Lomas [11]199386586434Prospective cohortUnited KingdomUniversity hospital
Marcun [12]200940586723Prospective cohortSloveniaUniversity hospital
Qureshi [13]200952636760Prospective cohortUnited KingdomTertiary care centre
Bugalho [9]201413367 (16)4650Prospective cohortPortugalUniversity hospital
Asciak [8]2018140Not describedNot described45Prospective cohortUnited KingdomUniversity hospital
Faheem [10]20196950 (16)4233Prospective cohortEgyptUniversity hospital

MPE: malignant pleural effusion.