Predictors of treatment failure (hospital admission for patients treated with oral corticosteroids for COPD exacerbation in a primary-care setting (Cohort 1), hospital readmission for patients hospitalised due to COPD exacerbations (Cohort 2))
| Predictor | Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | ||
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Subjects n | 2482 | 10 245 | ||
| Blood eosinophil count per 100-cells·µL−1 increase | 0.26 (0.12–0.56) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) | 0.020 |
| Male | 1.53 (1.19–1.98) | 0.001 | 1.15 (1.03–1.29) | 0.016 |
| Age per 10 years | 1.24 (1.17–1.32) | <0.001 | ||
| Underweight, BMI <18.5 kg·m−2 | 2.29 (1.53–3.43) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.17–1.70) | <0.001 |
| Smoking habits | ||||
| Current smoker | 1.74 (1.04–2.91) | 0.034 | ||
| Ex-smoker | 1.66 (1.02–2.71) | 0.042 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 2.18 (1.61–2.95) | <0.001 | ||
| COPD exacerbations per 1 increase | 1.12 (1.07–1.17) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | <0.001 |
| mMRC dyspnoea scale score | ||||
| Maximum score | 1.69 (1.05–2.70) | 0.030 | 1.28 (1.06–1.55) | 0.012 |
| Missing# | 1.25 (1.06–1.48) | 0.008 | ||
| FEV1 % pred | ||||
| <30% | 1.36 (1.15–1.62) | <0.001 | ||
| Missing# | 1.26 (1.09–1.45) | 0.008 | ||
| Triple therapy¶ prescribed | 1.19 (1.05–1.34) | 0.005 | ||
HR: hazard ratio; BMI: body mass index; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s.#: patients without monitoring data; ¶: triple therapy consisted of inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting β2-agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists.