Age years | 69.5±9.5 |
Sex | |
Female | 60 (41%) |
Male | 88 (61%) |
Body mass index kg·m−2 | 25.0±7.2 |
Hospitalised exacerbations in prior 12 months | |
0 | 58 (39%) |
1 | 31 (21%) |
2 | 17 (12%) |
≥3 | 42 (28%) |
Current smoker at admission | 56 (38%) |
Smoking history pack-years | 47.3±31.8 |
Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC# % | 39.8±15.2 |
Post-bronchodilator FEV1# % predicted | 42.8±18.5 |
DLCO¶ % predicted | 46.8±20.8 |
Relevant medical history at admission | |
Ischaemic heart disease | 30 (20%) |
Hypertension | 58 (39%) |
Dyslipidaemia | 57 (39%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 19 (13%) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 16 (11%) |
Heart failure | 31 (21%) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 9 (6%) |
Inhaled medications at admission | |
Long-acting muscarinic antagonist | 110 (74%) |
Long-acting β-agonist | 112 (76%) |
Inhaled corticosteroid | 108 (73%) |
Domiciliary oxygen or noninvasive ventilation | 30 (20%) |
Cardiovascular medications at admission | |
Angiotensin blocker | 53 (36%) |
β-blocker | 17 (12%) |
Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker+ | 17 (12%) |
Antiplatelet | 41 (28%) |
Anticoagulation§ | 8 (5%) |
Statin | 48 (32%) |
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 6 (4%) |
Furosemide | 26 (18%) |
Data are presented are mean±sd or n (%). FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. #: n=129; ¶: n=122; +: verapamil or diltiazem; §: warfarin or directly acting oral anticoagulant.