The prevalence of the syndromic diagnoses, according to the study algorithm, among patients presenting to healthcare facilities with respiratory symptoms
| Syndromic diagnosis | All healthcare facilities (n=977) | Central/provincial health facilities (n=487) | District health facilities (n=405) | Commune health facilities (n=85) | ||||
| n (%) | 95% CI | n (%) | 95% CI | n (%) | 95% CI | n (%) | 95% CI | |
| Fixed airflow limitation (COPD) without eosinophilia | 115 (11.8) | 9.8–13.8 | 55 (11.3) | 8.5–14.1 | 46 (11.4) | 8.3–14.5 | 14 (16.5) | 8.6–24.4 |
| Fixed airflow limitation (COPD) with eosinophilia | 83 (8.5) | 6.8–10.2 | 37 (7.6) | 5.2–10.0 | 37 (9.1) | 6.3–11.9 | 9 (10.6) | 4.1–17.1 |
| Reversible airflow limitation (asthma) | 26 (2.7) | 1.7–3.7 | 10 (2.1) | 0.8–3.3 | 13 (3.2) | 1.5–4.9 | 3 (3.5) | 0.7–10.0 |
| Other airflow limitation# | 39 (4.0) | 2.8–5.2 | 16 (3.3) | 1.7–4.9 | 20 (4.9) | 2.8–7.1 | 3 (3.5) | 0.0–7.5 |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | 82 (8.4) | 6.7–10.1 | 68 (14.0) | 10.9–17.0 | 14 (3.5) | 1.7–5.2 | 0 (0.0) | |
| Tuberculosis | 14 (1.4) | 0.7–2.2 | 14 (2.9) | 1.4–4.4 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Heart failure | 46 (4.7) | 3.4–6.0 | 36 (7.4) | 5.1–9.7 | 10 (2.5) | 1.0–4.0 | 0 (0.0) | |
| Upper respiratory tract infection (common cold)¶ | 160 (16.4) | 14.1–18.7 | 71 (14.6) | 11.4–17.7 | 78 (19.3) | 15.4–23.1 | 11 (12.9) | 6.6–22.0 |
| None of above syndromes¶,+ | 470 (48.1) | 45.0–51.2 | 220 (45.2) | 40.8–49.6 | 203 (50.1) | 45.3–55.0 | 47 (55.3) | 44.7–65.9 |
#: airflow limitation on initial spirometry without measure of post-bronchodilator spirometry; ¶: includes patients without chest radiograph, spirometry or both; +: with none of the other syndromes.