Antibiotic prescriptions by age group and sex | Individuals that filled ≥1 antibiotic prescription | Standardised difference¶ | |
Asthma cases# | Nonasthma controls# | ||
All antibiotics | |||
All | 179 937 (30.6%) | 135 697 (23.1%) | 0.171 |
5–9 years old | 43 675 (37.9%) | 31 216 (27.1%) | 0.232 |
10–14 years old | 39 210 (26.5%) | 27 949 (18.9%) | 0.183 |
15–19 years old | 53 901 (31.5%) | 41 876 (24.4%) | 0.157 |
20–24 years old | 43 151 (28.2%) | 34 656 (22.7%) | 0.128 |
Female | 84 318 (34.6%) | 63 526 (26.0%) | 0.186 |
Male | 95 619 (27.9%) | 72 171 (21.0%) | 0.159 |
Antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory infections | |||
All | 155 210 (26.4%) | 114 540 (19.5%) | 0.165 |
5–9 years old | 40 947 (35.5%) | 28 939 (25.1%) | 0.228 |
10–14 years old | 34 492 (23.3%) | 23 967 (16.2%) | 0.180 |
15–19 years old | 44 706 (26.1%) | 33 841 (19.7%) | 0.151 |
20–24 years old | 35 065 (22.9%) | 27 793 (18.2%) | 0.118 |
Female | 72 982 (29.9%) | 53 868 (22.1%) | 0.179 |
Male | 82 228 (24.0%) | 60 672 (17.7%) | 0.155 |
Cephalosporins | |||
All | 14 234 (2.4%) | 9147 (1.6%) | 0.062 |
5–9 years old | 4856 (4.2%) | 2992 (2.6%) | 0.089 |
10–14 years old | 3339 (2.3%) | 2010 (1.4%) | 0.068 |
15–19 years old | 3388 (2.0%) | 2276 (1.3%) | 0.051 |
20–24 years old | 2651 (1.7%) | 1869 (1.2%) | 0.042 |
Female | 6759 (2.8%) | 4420 (1.8%) | 0.064 |
Male | 7475 (2.2%) | 4727 (1.4%) | 0.061 |
Macrolides | |||
All | 54 382 (9.3%) | 34 654 (5.9%) | 0.127 |
5–9 years old | 11 665 (10.1%) | 6820 (5.9%) | 0.155 |
10–14 years old | 12 243 (8.3%) | 7207 (4.9%) | 0.138 |
15–19 years old | 16 390 (9.6%) | 10 687 (6.2%) | 0.124 |
20–24 years old | 14 084 (9.2%) | 9940 (6.5%) | 0.101 |
Female | 25 753 (10.6%) | 16 372 (6.7%) | 0.137 |
Male | 28 629 (8.3%) | 18 282 (5.3%) | 0.120 |
Penicillins | |||
All | 109 922 (18.7%) | 84 606 (14.4%) | 0.116 |
5–9 years old | 31 817 (27.6%) | 23 133 (20.1%) | 0.178 |
10–14 years old | 23 673 (16.0%) | 17 297 (11.7%) | 0.125 |
15–19 years old | 31 258 (18.2%) | 24 853 (14.5%) | 0.101 |
20–24 years old | 23 174 (15.2%) | 19 323 (12.6%) | 0.073 |
Female | 52 033 (21.3%) | 40 063 (16.4%) | 0.126 |
Male | 57 889 (16.9%) | 44 645 (13.0%) | 0.109 |
#: n=587 212; ¶: standardised difference >0.1 generally considered different (shown in bold).