Cognitive assessments from examination year 30
| Cognition | Emphysema# | No emphysema¶ |
| Raw score | ||
| MoCA | 21.0±4.2 | 24.2±3.7 |
| RAVLT | 6.4±3.4 | 8.7±3.3 |
| DSST | 56.1±16.9 | 69.1±16.0 |
| Letter fluency | 35.7±12.5 | 42.4±12.8 |
| Stroop+ | 27.8±12.4 | 22.4±11.1 |
| Category fluency | 18.5±5.4 | 20.5±5.4 |
| z-score | ||
| MoCA | −0.78±1.1 | 0.06±0.97 |
| RAVLT | −0.63±1.0 | 0.05±0.98 |
| DSST | −0.74±1.0 | 0.06±0.98 |
| Letter fluency | −0.49±0.97 | 0.03±0.99 |
| Stroop+,§ | −0.45±1.1 | 0.03±0.98 |
| Category fluency | −0.35±0.99 | 0.03±1.00 |
Data are presented as mean±sd. MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; RAVLT: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; DSST: Digit Symbol Substitution Test. #: n=172. ¶: n=2319; +: Stroop interference scores are reported; in contrast to other cognitive tests, higher Stroop scores reflect worse cognitive performance; §: Stroop interference score has been reported as an inverse score for consistency with other tests.