Baseline patient characteristics
| Parameter | Value | Source |
| Age at baseline years | 63.90±6.39 | FULFIL [4] |
| Height m | 1.69±0.08 | FULFIL [4] |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 75.8 | TORCH [10] |
| Age category years | ||
| <55 | 11.5 | TORCH [10] |
| 55 to <65 | 32.3 | TORCH [10] |
| 65 to <75 | 43.7 | TORCH [10] |
| ≥75 | 12.6 | TORCH [10] |
| Exacerbation history (moderate or severe, in the previous 12 months) | ||
| 0 | 43.0 | TORCH [10] |
| 1 | 24.8 | TORCH [10] |
| ≥2 | 32.3 | TORCH [10] |
| BMI kg·m−2 | ||
| <20 | 13.5 | TORCH [10] |
| 20 to <25 | 37.6 | TORCH [10] |
| 25 to <29 | 26.9 | TORCH [10] |
| ≥29 | 22.0 | TORCH [10] |
| SGRQ total score | ||
| <38 | 28.8 | TORCH [10] |
| 38 to <50 | 25.7 | TORCH [10] |
| 50 to <62 | 22.9 | TORCH [10] |
| ≥62 | 22.6 | TORCH [10] |
| FEV1 % pred, baseline# | ||
| <30% | 12.9 | FULFIL [4] |
| 30 to <50% | 54.5 | FULFIL [4] |
| 50 to <80% | 32.6 | FULFIL [4] |
| ≥80% | <1.0 | FULFIL [4] |
Data are presented as mean±sd or %. #: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % pred at baseline was not included in the model and is provided only as information describing lung function status at study entry. BMI: body mass index; SGRQ: St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire; TORCH: Towards a Revolution in COPD Health; FULFIL: Lung Function and Quality of Life Assessment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Closed Triple Therapy.