Demographic characteristics and seroprevalence of study participants, including roles and areas of work
| Characteristic | n (% of total) | Antibody positive n | Seroprevalence % | p-value |
| Sex | 0.02* | |||
| Male | 378 (18.3) | 70 | 18.5 | |
| Female | 1685 (81.7) | 230 | 13.7 | |
| Age years | 0.5 | |||
| 18–30 | 290 (14.1) | 46 | 15.9 | |
| 31–40 | 403 (19.5) | 60 | 14.9 | |
| 41–50 | 536 (26.0) | 76 | 14.2 | |
| 51–60 | 637 (30.9) | 97 | 15.2 | |
| >60 | 196 (9.5) | 21 | 10.7 | |
| Ethnicity | 0.86 | |||
| White European | 1964 (95.5) | 285 | 14.5 | |
| Other White | 16 (0.8) | 2 | 12.5 | |
| South Asian | 36 (1.7) | 8 | 22.2 | |
| Chinese | 10 (0.5) | 1 | 10.0 | |
| Black | 8 (0.4) | 2 | 25.0 | |
| Arab | 5 (0.2) | 1 | 20.0 | |
| Traveller | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Other ethnic | 16 (0.8) | 1 | 6.3 | |
| Role | <0.0001* | |||
| Doctor | 237 (11.5) | 50 | 21.1 | |
| Nurse | 601 (29.2) | 80 | 13.3 | |
| AHP | 239 (11.6) | 25 | 10.5 | |
| Pharmacy staff | 69 (3.4) | 9 | 13.0 | |
| HCA | 172 (8.4) | 40 | 23.3 | |
| Student | 25 (1.2) | 4 | 16.0 | |
| Domestic | 84 (4.1) | 11 | 13.1 | |
| Admin | 403 (19.6) | 49 | 21.1 | |
| Porter | 27 (1.3) | 6 | 22.2 | |
| Other# | 151 (7.3) | 13 | 8.6 | |
| Dentistry | 50 (2.4) | 13 | 26.0 | |
| Area | 0.03* | |||
| COVID-19 | 552 (26.8) | 96 | 17.4 | |
| Non-COVID-19 | 1511 (73.2) | 204 | 13.5 | |
| Critical care | 0.61 | |||
| Yes | 131 (6.3) | 21 | 16.0 | |
| No | 1931 (93.7) | 279 | 14.4 |
AHP: allied health professional; HCA: healthcare assistant; Admin: administrative staff. #: other roles included lab technician, health scientist, maintenance, laundry, medical physics, other technician, patient transport, chaplaincy, volunteers. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine statistical significance. *: p<0.05, statistically significant.