Associations between preoperative variables and the primary outcome
| Primary outcome reached | |||
| n (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Age, per year | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.76 | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 7 (19.4) | Reference | 0.17 |
| Female | 12 (10.5) | 0.49 (0.18–1.35) | |
| Systemic sclerosis/mixed connective tissue disease | |||
| No | 13 (13.5) | Reference | 0.67 |
| Yes | 6 (11.1) | 0.80 (0.28–2.24) | |
| WSPH group | |||
| 1 | 9 (11.5) | Reference | |
| 2 | 2 (8.7) | 0.73 (0.15–3.65) | 0.70 |
| 3 | 3 (13.6) | 1.21 (0.30–4.92) | 0.79 |
| 4 | 3 (20.0) | 1.92 (0.45–8.12) | 0.38 |
| 5 | 2 (16.7) | 1.53 (0.29–8.14) | 0.62 |
| PAH-specific therapy | |||
| No | 6 (14.3) | Reference | 0.71 |
| Yes | 13 (12.0) | 0.82 (0.29–2.32) | |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists risk | |||
| Low (1–3) | 5 (6.1) | Reference | 0.01 |
| High (4–5) | 14 (20.6) | 3.99 (1.36–11.74) | |
| Procedural characteristics | |||
| ACC/AHA procedure risk | |||
| Low | 6 (5.5) | Reference | <0.001 |
| Elevated | 13 (32.5) | 8.35 (2.90–23.99) | |
| Emergent procedure | |||
| No | 15 (10.6) | Reference | 0.01 |
| Yes | 4 (44.4) | 6.72 (1.62–27.79) | |
| Procedure >3 h (N=148) | |||
| No | 6 (5.7) | Reference | <0.001 |
| Yes | 13 (31.0) | 7.47 (2.61–21.39) | |
| Inpatient | |||
| No | 8 (7.8) | Reference | 0.01 |
| Yes | 11 (22.9) | 3.50 (1.30–9.37) | |
| Preoperative assessment | |||
| PH clinic within 90 days | |||
| No | 6 (12.2) | Reference | 0.91 |
| Yes | 13 (12.9) | 1.06 (0.38–2.98) | |
| Anaesthesia clinic within 90 days | |||
| No | 16 (13.6) | Reference | 0.53 |
| Yes | 3 (9.4) | 0.66 (0.18–2.42) | |
| Cardiac anaesthesia referral (n=137)# | |||
| No | 1 (2.6) | Reference | 0.06 |
| Yes | 16 (16.3) | 7.41 (0.95–57.98) | |
| WHO FC (n=141) | |||
| Low (I, II) | 2 (3.4) | Reference | 0.02 |
| High (III, IV) | 14 (17.1) | 5.87 (1.28–26.90) | |
| NT-proBNP (BNP), ng·L−1 (n=147) | |||
| <300 (<50) | 2 (4.2) | Reference | |
| 300–1400 (50–300) | 4 (8.3) | 2.09 (0.36–12.00) | 0.41 |
| >1400 (>300) | 12 (23.5) | 7.08 (1.49–33.56) | 0.01 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| RA dilation (n=146) | |||
| No | 2 (4.2) | Reference | 0.07 |
| Yes | 15 (15.3) | 4.16 (0.91–18.98) | |
| RV dilation (n=147) | |||
| None | 3 (6.0) | Reference | |
| Mild | 5 (11.1) | 1.96 (0.44–8.71) | 0.38 |
| Moderate | 2 (8.3) | 1.42 (0.22–9.14) | 0.71 |
| Severe | 8 (28.6) | 6.27 (1.51–26.09) | 0.01 |
| TAPSE, cm (n=74) | |||
| ≥1.8 | 5 (11.4) | Reference | |
| <1.8 | 6 (20.0) | 1.95 (0.54–7.09) | 0.31 |
| Effusion (N=145) | |||
| No | 11 (11.2) | Reference | 0.79 |
| Yes | 6 (12.8) | 1.16 (0.40–3.35) | |
| Max TR velocity, per 0.5 m·s−1 (n=120) | 1.50 (1.05–2.13) | 0.02 | |
| 6MWD, m (n=131) | |||
| >440 | 2 (7.7) | Reference | |
| 165–440 | 10 (10.6) | 1.43 (0.29–6.97) | 0.66 |
| <165 | 2 (18.2) | 2.67 (0.33–21.87) | 0.36 |
| RHC | |||
| RAP, mmHg (n=144) | |||
| <8 | 9 (12.7) | Reference | |
| 8.0–14 | 8 (14.3) | 1.15 (0.41–3.20) | 0.79 |
| >14 | 2 (11.8) | 0.92 (0.18–4.70) | 0.92 |
| Cardiac index, L·min−1·m−2 (n=137) | |||
| ≥2.5 | 4 (12.5) | Reference | |
| 2–2.49 | 6 (17.1) | 1.60 (0.51; 5.05) | 0.42 |
| <2 | 8 (11.4) | 1.11 (0.31; 3.98) | 0.88 |
| SvO2, % (n=137) | |||
| >65 | 7 (9.5) | Reference | |
| 60–65 | 6 (17.1) | 1.98 (0.61; 6.41) | 0.25 |
| <60 | 4 (14.3) | 1.60 (0.43; 5.94) | 0.49 |
WSPH: World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension; ACC/AHA: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; WHO FC: World Health Organization functional class; NT pro-BNP/BNP: N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide/pro-brain natriuretic peptide; RA: right atrial; RAP: right atrial pressure; RV: right ventricular; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR: tricuspid regurgitant; 6MWD: 6-minute walk distance; RHC: right heart catheterisation; SvO2: mixed venous oxygen saturation. #: only among procedures performed at Johns Hopkins Hospital or Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center.