Patient-reported receipt of brief stop-smoking advice (primary outcome) and of recommendations/prescriptions of evidence-based treatment to quit smoking (secondary outcomes) delivered by their general practitioner (GP), stratified by pre-/post-data collection period and by training method of the GP they had consulted; and associations of these outcomes with training (pre versus post) and with the interaction of training by training method (ABC/5As by pre/post) (n=1937 smoking patients)
| Outcome (patient-reported) | Pre-training | Post-training | aORimputed post versus pre (95% CI)# | aORimputed ABC versus 5As# by post versus pre (95% CI) | ||||
| PreABC | Pre5As | Pretotal | PostABC | Post5As | Posttotal | |||
| Subjects n | 527 | 512 | 1039 | 459 | 439 | 898 | ||
| Brief stop-smoking advice (primary outcome) | 11.8 (62) | 14.5 (74) | 13.1 (136) | 35.7 (164) | 30.3 (133) | 33.1 (297) | 3.25 (2.34–4.51)*** | 1.71 (0.94–3.12) |
| Behavioural counselling (individual, group) | 1.5 (8) | 1.6 (8) | 1.5 (16) | 13.3 (61) | 3.9 (17) | 8.7 (78) | 7.15 (4.02–12.74)*** | 4.59 (1.40–14.98)* |
| Nicotine replacement therapy | 0.6 (3) | 0.4 (2) | 0.5 (5) | 3.3 (15) | 7.1 (31) | 5.12 (46) | 15.45 (5.67–42.10)*** | 0.21 (0.03–1.55) |
| Varenicline or bupropion | 0 (0) | 1.4 (7) | 0.7 (7) | 3.1 (14) | 1.6 (7) | 2.3 (21) | 3.10 (1.27–7.53)*** | ¶ |
| Any pharmacotherapy | 0.6 (3) | 1.8 (9) | 1.2 (12) | 6.3 (29) | 8.7 (38) | 7.5 (67) | 7.99 (4.11–15.52)*** | 1.81 (0.42–7.78) |
| Combination of behavioural counselling and pharmacotherapy | 1.9 (10) | 1.8 (9) | 1.8 (19) | 7.6 (35) | 5.2 (23) | 6.5 (58) | 4.36 (2.46–7.73)*** | 1.42 (0.45–4.44) |
Data are presented as percentage (n), unless stated otherwise. Data are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) around aOR. #: logistic regression models with a fixed effect for time (pre- versus post-training) and random effects for the practices and the time effect, for the ABC versus 5As comparison: the group variable (5As or ABC training) and its interaction with time were added to the models as fixed effects; both models were adjusted for patients’ sex, age, level of education, time spent with urges to smoke and strength of urges to smoke (SUTS [32]). ¶: model could not be fitted due to perfect separation (prior to the training, no (0%) such recommendation was ever provided in the ABC group, increasing to 3.1% after the training, while the pre- and post-training percentages remained relatively stable at 1.4% and 1.6%, respectively, in the 5As group). *: p<0.05; ***: p<0.001.