On-treatment system-specific morbidity by body mass index (BMI) categories
| Underweight <20 kg·m−2 (n=1111) | Normal 20– <25 kg·m−2 (n=4306) | Overweight 25– <30 kg·m−2 (n=5662) | Class I obesity 30– <35 kg·m−2 (n=3452) | Class II obesity 35– <40 kg·m−2 (n=1367) | Class III obesity ≥40 kg·m−2 (n=587) | |
| Moderate/severe COPD exacerbation# | ||||||
| Events (%) | 325 (29.3%) | 1206 (28.0%) | 1551 (27.4%) | 1005 (29.1%) | 429 (31.4%) | 188 (32.0%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | Ref. | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 1.14 (1.01–1.28) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) |
| Severe COPD exacerbation¶ | ||||||
| Events (%) | 128 (11.5%) | 367 (8.5%) | 384 (6.8%) | 265 (7.7%) | 105 (7.7%) | 44 (7.5%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.18 (0.96–1.46) | Ref. | 0.85 (0.73–0.98) | 1.02 (0.87–1.21) | 1.14 (0.90–1.43) | 1.07 (0.77–1.49) |
| Pneumonia | ||||||
| Events (%) | 106 (9.5%) | 260 (6.0%) | 235 (4.2%) | 153 (4.4%) | 58 (4.2%) | 26 (4.4%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.33(1.05–1.67) | REF. | 0.76 (0.63–0.91) | 0.83(0.67–1.03) | 0.84(0.62–1.14) | 0.80(0.52–1.22) |
| Composite cardiovascular events+ | ||||||
| Events (%) | 46 (4.1%) | 191 (4.4%) | 231 (4.1%) | 154 (4.5%) | 47 (3.4%) | 19 (3.2%) |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.01 (0.73–1.40) | Ref. | 0.90 (0.74–1.10) | 0.98 (0.78–1.22) | 0.88 (0.64–1.23) | 0.93 (0.57–1.50) |
Hazard ratio (95% CI) per Cox proportional hazards. Adjusted model accounts for age, sex, region, race, ischaemic heart disease indicator, vascular disease indicator, smoking status, cardiovascular entry criteria (history and risk by age), previous COPD exacerbations, % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s, treatment arm and BMI. #: moderate COPD exacerbations were exacerbation treated with antibiotics and/or systemic corticosteroids; ¶: severe COPD exacerbations were those that required hospitalisation; +: composite cardiovascular events were predefined secondary end-points, contains myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, unstable angina, and on-treatment cardiovascular death.