Patient characteristics
| Overall | Non-hospitalised | Hospitalised | p-value hospitalised versus non-hospitalised | |
| Demographics | 57 | 23 | 34 | |
| Age years | 51 (13) | 41 (12) | 57 (10) | <0.001 |
| Male sex n (%) | 28 (49) | 7 (30) | 21 (61) | 0.040 |
| Race or ethnic group | 0.206 | |||
| Caucasian n (%) | 44 (77) | 19 (83) | 25 (74) | |
| Asian n (%) | 2 (4) | 2 (9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| African n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6) | |
| Indian n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3) | |
| Middle Eastern n (%) | 8 (14.0) | 2 (8.7) | 6 (18) | |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 27 | 26 | 29 | 0.095 |
| BMI >30 kg·m−2 n (%) | 12 (26) | 3 (14) | 9 (36) | 0.182 |
| Smoking | 0.442 | |||
| Current smoker n (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Previous smoker n (%) | 22 (39) | 8 (35) | 14 (41) | |
| Time since cessation years | 17 (15) | 18 (11) | 17 (17) | 0.901 |
| Work status | 0.023 | |||
| Working n (%) | 45 (79) | 22 (96) | 23 (68) | |
| Currently out of work n (%) | 3 (5) | 1 (4) | 2 (6) | |
| Retired n (%) | 9 (16) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (27) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Charlson Morbidity Index | 2.26 (2.26) | 1.00 (1.00) | 3.12 (2.47) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 5 (9) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (15) | 0.148 |
| Moderate to severe CKD n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6) | 0.652 |
| COPD n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6) | 0.652 |
| Asthma n (%) | 15 (26) | 4 (17) | 11 (32) | 0.341 |
| Acute COVID-19 severity | ||||
| Mean days in the hospital days | — | 0 | 13.3 (21.9) | — |
| Oxygen therapy n (%) | — | 0 | 21 (61.8) | — |
| Maximum oxygen L·min−1 of those on oxygen | — | — | 20 (19.6) | — |
| Oxygen >0 and <5 L·min−1 n (%) | — | — | 7 (20.6) | — |
| Oxygen >5 and <15 L·min−1 n (%) | — | — | 4 (11.8) | — |
| HFNC n (%) | — | — | 9 (26.5) | — |
| Intubation n (%) | — | — | 1 (2.9) | — |
| Maximum ferritin µg·L−1 | — | NA | 1340 (440–2295) | — |
| Minimum lymphocytes ×109·L−1 | — | NA | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | — |
| Maximum CRP mg·L−1 | — | NA | 153 (84–203) | — |
| Maximum LDH U·L−1 | — | NA | 376 (259–531) | — |
| Procalcitonin µg·L−1 | — | NA | 0.16 (0.10–0.66) | — |
| Maximum D-dimer FEU·L−1 | — | NA | 0.87 (0.72–1.65) | — |
Data is presented as mean (standard deviation) or n (percentage).
BMI: body mass index; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HFNC: high-flow nasal continuous positive airway pressure; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; NA: not available.