Demographics, spirometry and image data
| COPD | α1ATD-COPD | Smokers | Never-smokers | |
| Subjects n | 84 | 11 | 12 | 10 |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age years | 68±8 | 62±8* | 62±6* | 69±7 |
| Male % | 67 | 73 | 58 | 83 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 25.9±3.9 | 25.0±3.3 | 23.1±2.3* | 26.6±2.6 |
| Current smoker n (%) | 11 (13)*** | 2 (17)*** | 12 (100)*** | 0 |
| Pack-years smoked | 45±25*** | 19±11*** | 37±19*** | 0 |
| LABA/LAMA/ICS n (%) | 68 (81) | 10 (91) | ||
| Lung function | ||||
| FEV1 L | 1.37±0.6*** | 1.47±0.4*** | 2.84±0.56 | 2.88±0.6 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 51±20*** | 45±16*** | 95±17 | 100±15 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.45±0.15 | 0.36±0.10 | 0.79±0.08 | 0.77±0.06 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Fibrinogen g·L−1 | 3.4±0.7* | 3.1±0.6 | 2.8±0.6 | 2.7±0.5 |
| hsCRP mg·L−1 | 5.2±7.0* | 3.3±2.3* | 2.1±1.4 | 1.2±0.6 |
| White cell count ×109·L−1 | 6.54±1.83 | 7.01±2.72 | 7.28±2.02 | 5.84±1.31 |
| Neutrophils ×109·L−1 | 4.43±3.6 | 4.68±2.47 | 4.53±1.45 | 3.63±1.11 |
| Pulmonary image data | ||||
| Whole lung | ||||
| nKi mL·cm−3·min−1 | 0.0037±0.001* | 0.0040±0.001* | 0.0040±0.001* | 0.0028±0.001 |
| Perc15 HU | −889±54*** | −942±28*** | ||
| Upper lung | ||||
| nKi mL·cm−3·min−1 | 0.0040±0.001** | 0.0038±0.001* | 0.0044±0.00** | 0.0027±0.001 |
| Perc15 HU | −884±61* | −922±34*** | ||
| Middle lung | ||||
| nKi mL·cm−3·min−1 | 0.0037±0.001** | 0.0042±0.001** | 0.0041±0.001** | 0.0027±0.001 |
| Perc15 HU | −889±52* | −943±29*** | ||
| Lower lung | ||||
| nKi mL·cm−3·min−1 | 0.0036±0.001 | 0.0038±0.001 | 0.0040±0.001 | 0.0032±0.001 |
| Perc15 HU | −880±49** | −952±26*** | ||
Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. α1ATD: alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; BMI: body mass index; LABA: inhaled long-acting β-agonist; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein; HU: Hounsfield units. ***: p<0.001; **: p<0.01; *: p<0.05 significant difference compared to never-smokers.