Outpatient# care in the previous 3 months | p-value | Inpatient care in the previous 3 months | p-value | Total | |||
None | ≥1 | None | ≥1 | ||||
Subjects | 770 (26.6) | 2128 (73.4) | 2716 (93.7) | 182 (6.3) | 2898 (100) | ||
Age years, median (IQR) | 41.0 (27.0–53.0) | 52.1 (34.0–66.0) | <0.001 | 47.0 (32.0–62.0) | 55.5 (39.6–68.0) | <0.001 | 48.0 (32.0–63.0) |
Sex | <0.001 | 0.3 | |||||
Male | 468 (33.0) | 951 (67.0) | 1322 (93.2) | 97 (6.8) | 1419 (49.0) | ||
Female | 302 (20.4) | 1177 (79.6) | 1394 (94.3) | 85 (5.7) | 1479 (51.0) | ||
Australia bornf | 0.5 | 0.7 | |||||
Yes | 548 (26.2) | 1541 (73.8) | 1955 (93.6) | 134 (6.4) | 2089 (72.1) | ||
No | 222 (27.5) | 585 (72.5) | 759 (94.1) | 48 (5.9) | 807 (27.9) | ||
Highest level of education## | 0.04 | 0.6 | |||||
School | 295 (28.4) | 743 (71.6) | 969 (93.4) | 69 (6.6) | 1038 (35.9) | ||
Trade, apprenticeship, certificate, diploma/degree or higher | 475 (25.6) | 1381 (74.4) | 1743 (93.9) | 113 (6.1) | 1856 (64.1) | ||
Work status¶¶ | <0.001 | 0.004 | |||||
Working full or part-time, self employed | 513 (32.0) | 1091 (68.0) | 1522 (94.9) | 82 (5.1) | 1604 (55.4) | ||
Not working (home duties, unemployed, retired, student, other) | 257 (19.9) | 1034 (80.1) | 1191 (92.3) | 100 (7.7) | 1291 (44.6) | ||
Living arrangements++ | 0.003 | 0.07 | |||||
Married/de facto | 454 (24.7) | 1382 (75.3) | 1709 (93.1) | 127 (6.9) | 1836 (63.4) | ||
Separated, divorced, widowed, never married | 315 (29.8) | 743 (70.2) | 1003 (94.8) | 55 (5.2) | 1058 (36.6) | ||
Region of residence | 0.02 | 1.0 | |||||
Metropolitan | 547 (25.4) | 1607 (74.6) | 2018 (93.7) | 136 (6.3) | 2154 (74.3) | ||
Non-metropolitan | 223 (30.0) | 521 (70.0) | 697 (93.7) | 47 (6.3) | 744 (25.7) | ||
Socioeconomic indexes for area quintile | 0.2 | 0.2 | |||||
1 (most disadvantaged) | 203 (26.8) | 554 (73.2) | 702 (92.7) | 55 (7.3) | 757 (26.1) | ||
2 | 139 (24.8) | 421 (75.2) | 515 (92.1) | 44 (7.9) | 559 (19.3) | ||
3 | 158 (29.8) | 373 (70.2) | 502 (94.4) | 30 (5.6) | 532 (18.4) | ||
4 | 135 (23.9) | 431 (76.1) | 536 (94.5) | 31 (5.5) | 567 (19.6) | ||
5 (most advantaged) | 135 (28.0) | 348 (72.0) | 460 (95.2) | 23 (4.8) | 483 (16.7) | ||
Body mass index (BMI)§§ | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Not overweight¶ | 354 (32.4) | 738 (67.6) | 1035 (94.8) | 57 (5.2) | 1092 (40.0) | ||
Overweight+ | 259 (26.7) | 710 (73.3) | 919 (94.8) | 50 (5.2) | 969 (35.5) | ||
Obese§ | 102 (15.3) | 565 (84.7) | 602 (90.3) | 65 (9.7) | 667 (24.5) | ||
mMRC | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
0 | 741 (28.0) | 1902 (72.0) | 2496 (94.4) | 147 (5.6) | 2643 (91.2) | ||
1 | 27 (15.6) | 146 (84.4) | 158 (91.3) | 15 (8.7) | 173 (6.0) | ||
2–4 | 2 (2.4) | 80 (97.6) | 62 (75.6) | 20 (24.4) | 82 (2.8) |
Data expressed as n (%) unless otherwise noted. mMRC: modified Medical Research Council breathlessness scale. #: includes visits to general practice or specialist (other than mental health specialist) or presentation to the emergency department; ¶: non-overweight weight category includes underweight (BMI ≤18.5 kg·m−2, n=50; 1.7% of cohort); +: BMI >25, ≤30 kg·m−2; §: BMI >30 kg·m−2; “not stated” for f: n = 2; ##: n = 4; ¶¶: n = 3; ++: n = 4; §§: 170.