Percentage of positive bronchodilator responses for resistance and reactance of the respiratory system, and spirometry parameters, for each of the clinical groups
| HealthyAsym (n=577) | HealthySymp (n=126) | SmokersAsym (n=159) | SmokersSymp (n=115) | Asthma (n=122) | COPD (n=46) | |
| ΔRrs6 (abs) | 4.9 | 4.0 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 12.3* | 17.4# |
| ΔRrs6 (%) | 5.0 | 6.3 | 8.8 | 11.3 | 13.9* | 10.9 |
| ΔRrs6 (Z-score) | 4.5 | 6.3 | 9.4 | 12.2* | 13.1* | 10.9 |
| ΔRrs6,insp (abs) | 4.9 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 9.6 | 15.6* | 21.7* |
| ΔRrs6,insp (%) | 4.9 | 6.3 | 8.8 | 11.3 | 13.9* | 10.9 |
| ΔXrs6 (abs) | 4.9 | 7.9 | 11.9* | 17.4* | 19.7* | 47.8¶ |
| ΔXrs6 (Z-score) | 5.0 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 17.4* | 14.8* | 26.1+ |
| Δ Xrs6,insp (abs) | 4.7 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 20.0*§ | 18.9* | 37.0+ |
| ΔEFLi (abs) | 4.9 | 9.5 | 13.2* | 19.1* | 13.9* | 45.7¶ |
| ΔFEV1 (%) | 2.3 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 9.6# | 17.2+ | 30.4ƒ |
| ΔFVC (%) | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 5.2 | 9.8+ | 30.4¶ |
Asym: asymptomatic; Symp: symptomatic; Δ: post-bronchodilator minus pre-bronchodilator change; Rrs6: resistance of the respiratory system measured at 6 Hz; abs: absolute; insp: inspiratory; Xrs6: reactance of the respiratory system measured at 6 Hz; EFLi: expiratory flow limitation index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity. *: p<0.05 compared with HealthyAsym only (Z-test with Bonferroni correction); #: p<0.05 compared with HealthyAsym and HealthySymp; ¶: p<0.05 compared with all other groups.
+: p<0.05 compared with HealthyAsym, HealthySymp and SmokersAsym; §: p<0.05 compared with SmokersAsym; ƒ: p<0.05 compared with HealthyAsym, HealthySymp, SmokersAsym and asthma.